Violation in Mixing

Contents
Introduction . ............................................. i
1 �È Violation in the �� System 5
1.1 È , � and Ì symmetries . . .................................. 5
1.2 Neutral � Mesons ....................................... 7
1.2.1 Phenomenology of the decay processes with the Wigner-Weisskopf perturbative
method ....................................... 7
1.2.2 The � system: general formalism . . ....................... 10
1.2.3 The � system: mass eigenstates . . . ....................... 13
1.2.4 Phase Conventions ................................. 15
1.2.5 Time Evolution of Neutral �� Mesons ....................... 16
1.2.6 Time Formalism for Coherent �� States ..................... 18
1.3 The Three Types of �È Violation in � Decays . ....................... 21
1.3.1 �È Violation in Decay . . . ............................ 22
1.3.2 �È Violation in Mixing . . ............................ 23
1.3.3 �È Violation in the Interference Between Decays With and Without Mixing. . . 25
1.4 �È Violation in the Standard Model . ............................ 27
1.4.1 The �ÃÅ Picture of �È Violation . ....................... 27
1.4.2 Unitarity of the �ÃÅ Matrix ........................... 31
1.4.3 Measuring �ÃÅ Parameters with �È Conserving Processes ........... 35
1.5 Determination of « ...................................... 37
1.5.1 �È Violation using � decays into non �È eigenstates and Extraction of «
ignoring penguins ................................. 37
1.5.2 Extraction of « in the Presence of Penguins . . . ................. 39