Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology - Asian Productivity ...

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Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology Products in Thailand Curl Virus (TYLCV) were developed, commercialized, and proven to be useful to several seed companies in viral detection. This has greatly reduced the cost of importing antibodies without compromising the quality and reliability of the tests. Table 2. Top Ten Export Products in 2003 and 2004, Thailand (million THB) Items 2003 2004 Computer accessories 665,950 724,168 Electronic appliances 267,350 339,897 Automobile accessories 172,073 240,534 Plastic and products 140,988 186,435 Electronics circuits and 186,001 199,358 accessories Garments 114,091 124,201 Rice 73,621 102,264 Gems and jewelry 104,241 106,300 Seafood 71,408 76,858 Rubber and products 70,188 84,432 Other 1,793,078 2,100,047 Total 3,326,014 3,922,410 Source: Thai Customs Department Table 3. Export Products in 2003 And 2004 by Category, Thailand (million THB) Category 2003 2004 Agricultural products 285,466 (8.58 ) 333,301 (8.50) Seafood and related products 73,028 (2.19) 71,345 (1.82) Forestry related products 7,897 (0.24) 10,521 (0.27) Mining 50,687 (1.52) 62,993 (1.61) Industries 2,757,911 (82.9) 3,369,416 (85.9) Others 151,025 (4.54) 74,834 (1.91) Total 3,326,014 (100) 3,922,410 (100) Source: Thai Customs Department Biocontrol The use of commercial microbial insecticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is common in many countries. In Thailand, similar practices started in 1996 when the Department of Agriculture approved the use of Trichoderma harzianum as the first registered biofungicide under the trade name of UNIGREEN UN-1 (Uniseed Co. Ltd.). There are currently two companies producing Trichoderma and Ketomium (for Phytophthora control) commercially. Plant Tissue Culture Cut flowers, particularly orchids, have become an important source of revenue for Thailand. Thailand is the world leader in exporting Dendrobium, a tropical orchid. In order to obtain flower uniformity while tracking global trends, a number of production technologies have been introduced into the cut flower industry: micropropagation, hybridization, induced mutation, and induced polyploidy. The pioneering work was done in public universities and a few public – 185 –
Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology Products research laboratories and later adopted by the private sector. The technology has since been refined and further developed. Micropropagation is most widely used in the Thai cut flower industry, used for the commercialization of many cut flowers: orchids, gerberas, carnations, chrysanthemums, anthuriums, cucumas, red ginger, torch ginger, lilies, and calla lilies. Several varieties are results of somaclonal variation during micropropagation. CONCLUSION It is clear that development of agricultural biotechnology products is still in the initial phase and that strategic improvement is needed. The major issues, such as the weak link between the private and public sectors, lack of a proactive plan for upgrading local technical capability, and high levels of technology transfer, urgently require solutions. The ratio of R&D to GDP is still low compared with other countries, such as Singapore, Japan, and the U.S. The percentage of private R&D is also low, indicating a low level of R&D for commercial purposes. The Thai government has developed five main strategies in its S&T action plan: enhancing the competitiveness of the private sector, reforming the educational system to create human resources, employing performance-based management, adjusting R&D funding systems, and expanding ICT facilities. The Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Act was implemented in 1999 to protect new as well as indigenous and traditional plant varieties. There are several good signs for the future, including the establishment of new companies using local technologies and agricultural biotechnology projects initiated by the private sector. Multinational companies are expanding their presence and continuity. Nevertheless, it is clear that Thailand’s enormous potential is not being fully realized. Several issues urgently need solutions and/or good management, such as communication with the public for better understanding of agricultural biotechnology, particularly on GMO issues, and communication with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). For research organizations, with their important role in agriculture biotechnology development, there are issues of research priorities, acquiring technology as well as producing their own technology, providing technical support where and when needed, and working closely with the private sector. They also need to expand their sources of funding to include regional and international organizations. In the private sector, more effort in both information-sharing and financial support is required to drive business development. As for government, there are several issues at both policy and technical levels awaiting solutions, including providing a quality workforce for the business establishment, providing career paths for those who graduate in agriculture/biotechnology, recognizing the needs of private companies to protect their intellectual property, and assessing priorities. Successful publicprivate partnership will rely on defining goals, identifying mutual assets, segmenting the markets for each partner, and recognizing and accepting the differences in values and goals. REFERENCES Biosafety guidelines for work related to modern biotechnology or genetic engineering. November 2004. Byerlee D., Fischer K. Accessing modern science: policy and institutional options for agricultural biotechnology in developing countries. IP Strategy Today 2001; 1. Damrongchai N. Agricultural biotechnology in Thailand. In: Kumar N., ed. Asian Biotechnology Development Review. 2002. 23–38. Lauridsen L.S. Coping with the triple challenges of globalization, liberalization and crisis: the role of industrial technology policies and technology institutions in Thailand. The European Journal of Development Research 2002; 4: 101–125. National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Annual Report.2004. – 186 –
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Report of the APO Multi-country Stu
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Part I Summary of Findings
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Business Potential for Agricultural
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