Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology - Asian Productivity ...

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– 29 – Why Agricultural Biotechnology? Pacific countries, including China and India, the regulation of traits combined by conventional breeding is under consideration. In contrast, the European Union and Argentina consider combined-trait products to be novel or unique and therefore require a new submission or the inclusion of the foreseen combined-trait products in the submission of one of the parents. Extensive bridging regulatory data on the combined-trait products needs to be generated. No combined-trait products produced through conventional breeding have been approved to date in either the EU or Argentina. A reasonable regulatory approach for combined-trait products is set forth in a document prepared by scientists and regulatory specialists from member companies of CropLife International (CropLife International, 2005). Separate safety assessments should not be required if the individual traits are unrelated and the individual traits were previously approved. However, to confirm the presence of the individual traits in the combined-trait product, regulatory agencies might request greenhouse or field bioefficacy data or gene expression levels. Data from any one of these sources would be appropriate to demonstrate that the individual traits are present and functioning as intended in the combined-trait product. Additional safety data are scientifically justified only when the traits target the same metabolic pathway or they are otherwise expected to have interactions. On a case-by-case basis, studies may be required to determine whether there are any interactions, either synergistic or antagonistic, between the traits, or to assess the products of the metabolic pathway. Reasonable rules for the review of crops with biotechnology-derived traits combined by conventional breeding will preserve the significant benefits of these technologies. For example, combining traits by conventional breeding would allow the combination of traits that have region- or country-specific uses but may not justify the expense of separate development through plant transformation. Additionally, reasonable regulations that are consistent between trading countries and regions will facilitate the movement of commodities containing these traits. CONCLUSION As described herein, crops developed through agricultural biotechnology have provided demonstrable economic, environmental, and social benefits globally. Within the Asia–Pacific region, five countries have grown biotechnology-derived crops commercially: Australia, China, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Specific examples described insect-protected cotton in China, Australia, and India, insect-protected maize in the Philippines, and herbicide-tolerant cotton in Australia. Future uses in the Asia–Pacific region include more widespread adoption of herbicide-tolerant crops currently grown elsewhere, including herbicide-tolerant maize. In addition, China and India have very active crop biotechnology research and development programs in a diversity of crops (including chickpea, rice, cotton, maize, mustard, and potato) and biotechnology traits (including insect, disease, and virus resistance, herbicide tolerance, stress tolerance, oil improvements, and fruit ripening). Other biotech-derived traits will improve food and feed nutrition, including vitamin and mineral enhancement, increased essential amino acids and altered fatty acid composition. However, the successful development and commercialization of biotech-derived crops will be impacted by the costs of doing so, and the costs of regulatory approvals have become an increasingly significant part of the total product development and commercialization equation. Regulators and the scientists who support them must make take care to assure that data requirements are reasonable and designed to address true food, feed, and environmental risks. REFERENCES Alia Hayashi H., Sakamoto A., Murata N. Enhancement of the tolerance of Arabidopsis to high temperatures by genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycinebetaine. Plant Journal 1998; 16: 155–161.
Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology Products Bambawale O.M., Singh A., Sharma O.P., Bhosle B.B., Lavekar R.C., Dhandapani A., Kanwar V., Tanwar R.K., Rathod K.S., Patange N.R., Pawar V.M. Performance of Bt cotton (MECH-162) under Integrated Pest Management in farmers’ participatory field trial in Nanded District, Central India. Current Science 2004; 86(12): 1628–1633. Boyer C.D., Shannon J.C. Carbohydrates of the kernel. In: White P.J., Johnson, L.A., eds. Corn: Chemistry and Technology. St. Paul: American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc.; 2003. 289–311. Budziszewski G.J., Croft K.P.C., Hildebrand D.F. Uses of biotechnology in modifying plant lipids. Lipids 1996; 31: 557–569. Carey E.E., Rhodes A.M. and Dickson D.B. Postharvest levels of sugars and sorbitol in sugary enhancer (su se) and sugary (se Se) maize. Horticultural Science 1982; 17: 241–242. Cheikh N., Miller P.W., Kishore G. Role of biotechnology in crop productivity in a changing environment. In: Reddy K.R., Hodges H.F., eds. Climate Change and Global Crop Productivity. New York, NY: CAP International; 2000. Cockburn A. Commericial Plant Breeding: What’s in the pipeline? Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 2004; 10(3): 209–223. Cotton Council. Conservation Tillage study. http://www.cotton.org/tech/biotech/contill-study. cfm. 2002. CropLife International. Regulation of Plant Biotechnology Products Containing Two or More Traits Combined by Conventional Plant Breeding. http://www.croplife.org/. 2005. Crossan A., Kennedy I. A snapshot of Roundup Ready® cotton in Australia. http://www.agric. usyd.edu.au/research/p/RR%20cotton%20snapshot.pdf. 2004. Damodaran A. Agricultural Biotechnology Sector in India: Issues Impacting Innovations. Asian Biotechnology & Development Revue 2004; 6. www.ris.org.in/abdr_mar04.html. 7 Sep 2004. Day P.R. Genetic modification of proteins in food. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 1996; S49–67. De Greef W. GM Crops: The crushing cost of regulation. SeedQuest News Section. www. seedquest.com/News/releases/2004/april/8319.htm. 8 Apr 2004. Doyle B., Reeve I., Bock K. The performance of Ingard Cotton in Australia during the 2001/ 2002 season. IRF Cotton Research. http://www.crdc.com.au/. 2002. Falco S.C., Guida T., Locke M., Mauvais J., Sanders C., Ward R.T., Webber P. Transgenic canola and soybean seeds with increased lysine. Biotechnology 1995; 577–582. Falk M.C., Chassy B.M., Harlander S.K., Hoban T.J. IV, McGloughlin M.N., Akhlaghi A.R. Food Biotechnology: Benefits and Concerns. Life Sciences Research Office. Journal of Nutrition 2002; 132: 1384–1390. FAO. The State of Food and Agriculture 2004—Agricultural Biotechnology—Meeting the Needs of the Poor? http://www.fao.org/es/esa/en/pubs_sofa.htm. 2004. Fawcett R., Towery D. Conservation Tillage and Plant Biotechnology—How New Technologies Can Improve the Environment by Reducing the Need to Plow. Conservation Technology Information Center. 1–24. http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/CTIC/Biotech.html. 2002. Fitt G.P. Deployment and impact of transgenic Bt cotton in Australia. In: N. Kalaitzaandonakes, ed. The Economic and Environmental Impacts of Agbiotech: A Global Perspective. New York: Kluwer Academic; 2003. Fuchs, R. Foods Derived from Genetically Modified Crop Plants. In: Kotsonis F., Mackey M., eds. Nutritional Toxicology. London/New York: Taylor & Francis; 2001. 75–92. Gianessi L., Silvers C., Sankula S., Carpenter J. Executive Summary—Plant Biotechnology— Current and Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in U.S. Agriculture. An Analysis of 40 Case Studies. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1– 23. http://www.ncfap.org/40CaseStudies.htm. 2002. – 30 –
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Commercialization of Agricultural C
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1. MARCHING TOWARDS THE MARKET: THE
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The Business Potential of Agricultu
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2. THE BUSINESS POTENTIAL AND DEVEL
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The Developmental Strategy for Agri
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R&D Priorities for Biopesticide and
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4. POTENTIAL FOR AGRI-BIOTECHNOLOGY
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Potential for Agri-biotechnology Pr
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MANAGEMENT POLITICAL TOOL NATURAL R
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Agricultural Biotechnology Developm
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- 117 - Agricultural Biotechnology
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PROSPECTS - 119 - Agricultural Biot
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Status of Agricultural Biotechnolog
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Status of Agricultural Biotechnolog
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8. TRENDS IN KOREAN ANIMAL BIOTECHN
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Business Potential for Agricultural
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11. STATUS OF PUBLIC RICE BIOTECHNO
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Status of Public Rice Biotechnology
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Status of Public Rice Biotechnology
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Trademarked GloFish with genetic-en
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Agricultural research contains more
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Mr. Rozhan Abu Dardak Research Offi
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C. Secretariat Dr. Sung Ho Son Prof
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Thurs., 26 May Forenoon Visit Taida
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