Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology - Asian Productivity ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

6. COMMERCIAL-SCALE PRODUCTION OF VALUABLE PLANT BIOMASS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES USING A BIOREACTOR SYSTEM 1, 2 Dr. Sung Ho Son Seung Rho Yun 1 Jung-A Kim 1 Sung-Tae Koh 2 Heungsop Shin 1 1 VitroSys Inc. 2 Dong Yang University Yeongju-Si, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Republic of Korea INTRODUCTION Plants produce an array of secondary metabolites that are potential sources of highly valuable fine chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals, flavors, and fragrances (Hadacek, 2002; Rao and Ravishankar, 2002). It is therefore of economic importance to cultivate plant resources for commercial production of secondary metabolites. Unfortunately, however, many secondary metabolites are synthesized at a very low level in field-grown plants. As an alternative to field cultivation, plant tissue culture technology has been developed to allow in vitro rapid propagation of plant masses and to produce the secondary metabolites under controlled culture conditions (Mulabagal and Tsay, 2004). KOREAN MOUNTAIN GINSENG— OUR CHOICE OF MEDICINAL PLANT FOR TISSUE CULTURE Ginseng, one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in the world, is obtained from the roots of several species of the plant family Araliaceae and the genus Panax. Popular commercial species include Korean (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) (Figure 1), American (Panax quinquefolius L.), Japanese (Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer), and the non-Panax species Siberian (Eleutherococcus senticossus) ginseng (Kiefer and Pantuso, 2003). Currently, ginseng’s therapeutic uses, already recorded around 2,000 years ago, are as diverse and potent as its genus name Panax (Greek “cure-all”) implies. In Germany, ginseng is one of the few economically important herbal drugs listed separately in the Foreign Trade Statistics and is officially approved for use as a tonic for invigoration and fortification in cases of fatigue. Korean ginseng is considered the best in quality because of its superb pharmaceutical efficacy, due largely to the specific climate and soil conditions of Korea and also the cultivation technology developed by Korean people through many generations. Figure 1. A Typical Root Harvested from Korean Mountain Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) – 67 –
Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology Products TISSUE CULTURE FOR GINSENG ROOT PROLIFERATION Although hairy root (transformed root) cultures are a promising method known to be superior for ginseng cell culture, this has also been known to produce opine-like chemicals which are lethal to humans. To avoid this problem, the adventitious roots (Figure 2) induced from ginseng callus were chosen for cultivation instead of the hairy roots (Son et al., 1999; Seon et al., 1999; Choi et al., 2000; Paek et al., 2001). Figure 2. Adventitious Roots Induced from Explants of Korean Mountain Ginseng Root INDUCTION OF MULTIPLE ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS Donor ginseng plants were washed and surface-sterilized before being subjected to aseptic dissection into small pieces of explants. The explants were then cultured on MS solid media supplied with various combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). After four weeks of cultivation, rapidly growing cells produced on the surface of explants were isolated and subcultured onto the same media for further growth of callus. The subcultures were repeated six times before the effect of PGRs on the induction of adventitious roots from these calli was tested. It was found that the levels and types of auxin in the growth medium played an essential role in determining the number of induced roots (Son et al., 1999). IBA in particular induced significantly more roots per segment than the other auxins. The roots induced by the IAA and 2,4-D treatments displayed a slower growth rate and a vitrified morphology. However, the roots induced by IBA and NAA showed a normal morphology. BIOREACTOR CULTURE For small-scale culture (5L and 20L) in the laboratory, a balloon-type bubble bioreactor (BTBB) system made of glass, as shown in Figure 3A, was established. The root suspension cultures grown in 1L Erlenmeyer flasks were harvested and cut using a motor-driven blade at 60 rpm to prepare a seed culture of 2-mm-sized root segments. The inoculum for each BTBB was adjusted to 1% (w/v) of fresh weight. Culture growth in 5L and 20L bioreactors followed a sigmoidal curve and produced the maximum biomass of 500g and 2.2 kg in fresh weight after 42 days of cultivation. Root cutting during the culture increased the root mass yield but did not affect the saponin content per gram dry weight. Among the different growth media, SH media gave the highest mean number of multiple roots. For commercial-scale cultures, an airlift drum-type bubble bioreactor (DTBB) of 20 kL volume capacity (Figure 3B) was employed. The DTBB was constructed of stainless steel with a sliding-type front door. Importantly, an air sparger was positioned at the bottom of the DTBB for the generation of air bubbles smaller than 0.5 µm in diameter. Sterilization of the DTBB was performed by using filtrated pressure steam. The same media composition for DTBB as the BTBB was used. The seed culture for DTBB was prepared by cutting the cultivated roots in the – 68 –
Page 1:
From: Business Potential for Agricu
Page 4 and 5:
Report of the APO Multi-country Stu
Page 6 and 7:
Part IV Appendices 5. Agricultural
Page 8 and 9:
Part I Summary of Findings
Page 10 and 11:
Business Potential for Agricultural
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23: Business Potential for Agricultural
Page 28 and 29: 1. WHY AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY?
Page 30 and 31: - 25 - Why Agricultural Biotechnolo
Page 38 and 39: 2. GLOBAL STATUS AND TRENDS OF COMM
Page 40 and 41: Global Status and Trends of Commerc
Page 52 and 53: Frontiers and Advances in Transgeni
Page 54 and 55: Frontiers and Advances in Transgeni
Page 56 and 57: 4. DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF B
Page 58 and 59: Development and Application of Biof
Page 60 and 61: 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 200
Page 62 and 63: Development and Application of Biof
Page 64 and 65: Current Status of the Transgenic Ap
Page 74 and 75: Commercial-scale Production of Valu
Page 76 and 77: 7. COMMERCIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURA
Page 78 and 79: Commercialization of Agricultural C
Page 92 and 93: 1. MARCHING TOWARDS THE MARKET: THE
Page 94 and 95: The Business Potential of Agricultu
Page 96 and 97: 2. THE BUSINESS POTENTIAL AND DEVEL
Page 98 and 99: The Developmental Strategy for Agri
Page 100 and 101: R&D Priorities for Biopesticide and
Page 106 and 107: 4. POTENTIAL FOR AGRI-BIOTECHNOLOGY
Page 108 and 109: Potential for Agri-biotechnology Pr
Page 114 and 115: 5. AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVEL
Page 116 and 117: MANAGEMENT POLITICAL TOOL NATURAL R
Page 118 and 119: Agricultural Biotechnology Developm
Page 120 and 121: - 117 - Agricultural Biotechnology
Page 122 and 123:
PROSPECTS - 119 - Agricultural Biot
Page 124 and 125:
Status of Agricultural Biotechnolog
Page 126 and 127:
Status of Agricultural Biotechnolog
Page 128 and 129:
8. TRENDS IN KOREAN ANIMAL BIOTECHN
Page 130 and 131:
- 127 - Trends in Korean Animal Bio
Page 132 and 133:
- 129 - Trends in Korean Animal Bio
Page 134 and 135:
9. BUSINESS POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTU
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
10. BUSINESS POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULT
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
PUBLIC SECTOR R&D ACTIVITIES Busine
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
11. STATUS OF PUBLIC RICE BIOTECHNO
Page 166 and 167:
Status of Public Rice Biotechnology
Page 168 and 169:
Status of Public Rice Biotechnology
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Trademarked GloFish with genetic-en
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Agricultural research contains more
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Mr. Rozhan Abu Dardak Research Offi
Page 196 and 197:
C. Secretariat Dr. Sung Ho Son Prof
Page 198:
Thurs., 26 May Forenoon Visit Taida
show all

Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology - Asian Productivity ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?