Business Potential for Agricultural Biotechnology - Asian Productivity ...

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The Developmental Strategy for Agricultural Biotechnology Products in the Republic of China local and international biotech investors. With such concentration, the development of agricultural biotechnology industries can proceed at an even faster pace. Currently, the Republic of China has already established the Agricultural Biotechnology Park in Pingtung, the National Flower Park in Changhua, the Taiwan Orchid Plantation in Tainan, the Medicinal and Spice Herb Biotechnology Park in Chiayi, and the Marine Biotechnology Park in Ilan, combining private capitalization and governmental research and development capacity to create a high-value-added industry in agriculture. The Agricultural Biotechnology Park Establishment and Management Act was enacted in April 2004, a law primarily providing full access to factory facilities and clarifying the amenities and benefits offered to agricultural biotechnology companies. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS In the context of agricultural development in the 21st century, aside from satisfying the traditional needs of the people, the Republic of China’s most urgent need is to become internationally competitive while protecting and maintaining its ecosystems. The crucial factor lies in the improvement of technology. Consequently, whether seen from the viewpoint of international trends, national policy, or industrial development, the use of biotechnology is a road that agricultural industries worldwide must travel. In addition to focusing efforts on building infrastructure to attract various sectors of society to become involved in agricultural biotechnology, the Republic of China will focus on the influence and effect biotech has on traditional agriculture and farming villages, making a thorough evaluation and suggesting countermeasures. The Republic of China will also look forward by taking one step further and combining agricultural biotechnology with other domestic industries, such as medicine, food processing, and information technology, thus opening up new fields of application and creating industries that promote public health and welfare. – 95 –
3. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES FOR BIOPESTICIDE AND BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN INDIA Dr. Alok Kalra S.P.S. Khanuja Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow INTRODUCTION Sustainable crop production depends upon the rational use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides along with organic manures for better soil health. Indian agriculture has undergone dynamic change since the “Green Revolution,” which provided self-sufficiency and ushered in an era of rural prosperity. Production of food grains has increased from 50.82 million tons in 1950–51 to 211.2 million tons through the use of chemical fertilizers, high-yielding varieties, plant protection, chemicals, irrigation, etc. This period was also noted for a 250-fold increase in fertilizer consumption, from 69,000 tons during 1950–51 to 17.4 million tons of NPK nutrients during 2001–02, from 0.5 kg/ha to 91 kg/ha. Consumption of pesticides increased from approximately 160 metric tons in 1949–50 to 64,000 metric tons (2002–03). Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides has caused a serious imbalance in the nutrient status in soils and in food quality. Nitrate concentration in groundwater and accumulation of heavy metals like arsenic, lead, and cadmium have been reported. The WHO recommends a 10 mg/liter nitrate nitrogen limit in drinking water. One study has shown 773 nitrate-affected villages in Gujarat alone, and about 68% of water samples from 113 villages in the Ludhiana district of Punjab were found to have nitrate levels above permissible limits. At the same time, residues of DDT and Aldrin, etc. have been reported in different food materials, for example, milk. These are matters of serious concern. While production of food grains increased fourfold, soil and environment health have been affected adversely by the application of 250 times more chemical fertilizers and 400 times higher applications of pesticides than needed. This has prompted a search for biological alternatives such as biopesticides and biofertilizers. Estimates indicate that biopesticides have about a 2.5% share in the Indian pesticide market and may reach 12%–15% by 2006. Similarly, the use of biopesticides and biofertilizers at present is estimated to be USD1.5 billion, and the market is anticipated to grow substantially with greater demands for quality produce free from pesticides and other toxic residues amidst growing public concern towards sustainability. Excessive and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals resulting in deteriorating soil health has led to reduced profitability from agriculture in spite of the development of high-yielding varieties and superior agrotechnologies. The gaps between expected and actual yields from best agropractices continue to widen, forcing farmers towards urbanization. The major causes are deterioration in soil structure and texture, deficiency in soil microflora and –fauna, and nutritional imbalances. Emphasis is now being placed on overcoming this situation by managing nutritional and biological stresses through organic, cultural, and biological means. Here biofertilizers and biopesticides may play a significant role. MEETING THE DEMANDS OF ORGANIC FARMING AS A NEW OPPORTUNITY Consumers’ increased awareness about food safety and environmental pollution has contributed to a clear upward consumption trend in organic food, flavors, aromas, and medicinal herbs – 96 –
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Report of the APO Multi-country Stu
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Part IV Appendices 5. Agricultural
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Part I Summary of Findings
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Business Potential for Agricultural
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Status of Public Rice Biotechnology
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Status of Public Rice Biotechnology
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Trademarked GloFish with genetic-en
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13. BUSINESS POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULT
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Agricultural research contains more
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Mr. Rozhan Abu Dardak Research Offi
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C. Secretariat Dr. Sung Ho Son Prof
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Thurs., 26 May Forenoon Visit Taida
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