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254 Medicinski Glasnik, Volumen 6, Number 2, August 2009 age to a restoration. On the other hand, it could mean a deep thin highway straight down into the pulp. So clarified a picture of leakage enables in vitro research making better use of the contrast dye which could leave better traces on the inner surface of the restoration investigated by making it easier to observe and “read”. Improvement could be achieved by a better observation of the aforementioned leaked surfaces (a digital threedimensional scanner instead of a three-angled digital photography of each filling) and subsequent transfer of the data to a computer, in order to get a best-quality computer-image of the innerrestoration surfaces. The results of this research are hardly comparable to other related researches because of the difference in the methods applied. The analysis of the results of this study, according to the dual criteria, showed that statistically-significant better flowable-restoratives were Clearfil liner and ormocer Definite flow. Between these two flowables there were no statistically significant differences, although the former had showed a lesser leakage, the least of all. The question is how a resin flowable material indicated to be a lining material would eventually behave as a definitive restorative material in terms of its physical and mechanical properties. That is the reason why we give the advantage to the Definite flow ormocer REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Irie M, Suzuki K, Watts DC. Marginal gap formation of light activated restorative materials: effects of immediate shrinkage and bond strength. Dent Mater 2002; 18:203-10. Retief DH. Do adhesives prevent microleakage? Int Dent J 1994; 44:19-26. Van Meerbeek B, Braem M, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. Evaluation of two dentin adhesives in cervical lesions. J Prosthet Dent 1993; 70:308- 14. Aguiar FHB, Ajudarte KF, Lovandino JR. Effect of light curing modes and filling techniques on microleakage of posterior resin composite restorations. Oper Dent 2002; 27:557-62. Wattanawongpitak N, Yoshikawa T, Burrow MF, Tagami J. The effect of bonding system and composite type on adaptation of different C-factor restorations. Dent Mater J 2006; 25:45-50. definitive flowable resin. Significantly less successful was Tetric flow restorative in comparison to the Clearfil liner, but not when compared with the ormocer Definite flow. Regardless of the method of research, our results are similar to those of other related research investigating the resin composites (16,17) attributing good properties to the composites, but different from the results of those research where other materials had been more successful (18). According to Eliades (19) the clinical relevance of the formulation and testing of the dentine bonding systems is not clear and not always comparable to the clinical situation, but certainly significant and necessary as a part of the mosaic of evaluation and recommendation of restorative systems, and therefore a good indicator for the convenience of both the manufacturers and clinicians (7,14,19, 20). The quality-marks of different restoratives are vital in the clinical restorative dentistry and are the results of both in vitro and in vivo researches and the data so obtained. According to this, and by the rules prescribed by various dental associations (ADA, IADR, CRA), a clear picture of a given restorative is made. More research is needed to better illustrate the marginal leakage and to give an evaluation of the investigated flowable restoratives. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS/DISCLOSURE Competing interests: none declared. 6. De Boever JA, Mc Gall WD, Holden S, Ash MM. Functional occlusal forces: An investigation by telemetry. J Prosthet Dent 1987; 40:326-33. 7. Rueggeberg FA. Substrate for adhesion testing to tooth structure - Review of the literature. Dent Mater 1991; 7:2-10. 8. De Munck J, Van Landuyt, Peumans M, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Braem M, Van Meerbeek B.A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: Methods and results. J Dent Res 2005; 84:118-32. 9. Hilton TJ. Can modern restorative procedures andmaterial reliably seal cavities? In vitro investigations. Part 2. Am J Dent 2002; 15: 279-89. 10. Bayne SC, Thompson JY, Swift EJ, Stamatiades P, Wilkerson M. A characterization of first generation flowable composites. J Am Dent Assoc 1998; 129:567-77.
11. Chuang SF, Liu JK, Jin YT. Microleakage and internal voids in class II composite restorations with flowable composite linings. Oper Dent 2001; 26:193-200. 12. Frankenberger R, Lopes M, Perdigao J, Ambrose WW, Rosa BT. The use of flowable composites as filled adhesives. Dent Mater 2002; 18:227-38. 13. Yazici AR, Baseren M, Dayangac B. The effect of flowable resin composite on microleakage in class V cavities. Oper Dent 2003; 28:42-6. 14. Pashley DH, Sano H, Ciucchi B, Yoshiyama M, Carvalho RM. Adhesion testing of dentin bonding agents: A review. Dent Mater 1995; 11:117-25. 15. Silveira de Araujo C, Incerti da Silva T, Ogliari FA, Meireles SS, Piva E, Demarco FF. Microleakage of seven adhesive systems in enamel and dentin. J Contem Dent Pract 2006; 7:26-33. 16. Ernst CP, Cortain G, Spohn M, Rippin G, Willerhausen B. Marginal integrity of different resin based composites for posterior teeth: an in vitro dye penetration study on eight resin composite and compomer adhesive combinations with a particular look at the additional use of flow composites. Dent Mater 2002; 18:351-8. Simeon et al Three-dimensional evaluation of microleakage 17. Jang KT, Chung DH, Shin D, Garcia-Godoy F. Effect of eccentric load cycling on microleakage of class V flowable and packable composite resin restorations. Oper Dent 2001; 26:603-8. 18. Schneider BT, Baumann MA, Watanabe LG, Marshall GW. Dentin shear bond strength of compomers and composites. Dent Mater 2000; 16:15-9. 19. Eliades G. Clinical relevance of the formulation and testing of dentine bonding systems. J Dent 1994; 22:73-81. 20. Folwaczny M, Mehl A, Kunzelmann KH, Hickel R. Clinical performance of a resin modified glass ionomer and a compomer in restoring non carious cervical lesions –five year results. Am J Dent 2001; 13:153-6. 255
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