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180 Medicinski Glasnik, Volumen 6, Number 2, August 2009 20. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Methods for antimicrobial dilution and disk susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated bacteria. Approved guideline M45-A. Philadelphia: CLSI, Wayne, 2006. 21. Kurincic M, Berce I, Zorman T, Smole Mozina S. The prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. from retail poultry meat. Food Technol Biotechnol 2002; 43:157-163. 22. Luber P, Bartelt E, Genschow E, Wagner J, Hahn H. Comparision of broth microdilution, E-test and agar dilution methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1062-8. 23. Thwaites RT, Frost JA. Drug resistance in Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari isolated from humans in North West England and Wales, 1997. J Clin Pathol 1999; 52:812-4. 24. Oza AN, McKenna JP, McDowell SWJ, Menzies FD, Neill SD. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler chickens in Nothern Ireland. J Antimicrob Chemoth 2003; 52:220-3. 25. Wittwer M, Keller J, Wassenaar TM, Stephan R, Howald D, Regula G, Bissig-Choisat B. Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns in a Campylobacter population isolated from poultry farms in Switzerland. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2840-7. 26. Aarestrup FM, Engberg J. Antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter. Vet Res 2001; 32:311-21. 27. Quinn T, Bolla J-M, Pages J-M, Fanning S. Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter: could efflux pump inhibitors control infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:1230-6. 28. Soonthornchaikul N, Garelick H, Jones H, Jacobs J, Ball D, Choudhury M. Resistance to three antimicrobial agents of Campylobacter isolated from organically- and intesively-reared chickens purchased from retail outlets. Int J Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 27:125-30. 29. Evans MC, Wegener H. Antimicrobial growth promoters and Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. in poultry and swine, Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:489-92. 30. Martins A, Couto I, Aagaard L, Martins M, Viveiros M, Kristiansen JE, Amaral L. Prolonged exposure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) COL strain to increasing concentartion of oxacillin results in a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:302-5. 31. Engberg J, Aarestrup FM, Taylor DE, Gomer- Schmidt P, Nachamkin I. Quinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli: resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7:24-34. 32. Rao D, Rao JR, Crothers E, McMulan R, McDowell D, McMahon A, Rooney PJ, Millar BC, Moore JE. Increased erythromycin resistance in clinical Campylobacter in Northern Ireland-an update. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55:395-6. 33. Senok A, Yousif A, Mazi W, Tocque K, O’Brien S, Regan M, Elnima el-A, Botta G. Pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in Camyplobacter jejuni isolates of human and poultry origin. Jpn J Infect Dis 2007; 60:1-4. 34. Unicomb L, Ferguson J, Stafford RJ, Ashbolt R, Kirk MD, Becker NG, Patel MS, Gilbert GL, Valcanis M, Mickan L; Australian Campylobacter Subtyping Study Group. Low-level fluoroquinolone resistance among Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Australia. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1368-74. 35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections associated with drinking unpasteurized milk procured through a cow-leasing program – Wiskonsin, 2001. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002; 51: 548-9. 36. Parisi A, Lanzilotta SG, Addante N, Normanno G, Di Modugno G. Prevalence, molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates from cattle, hens, broilers and broiler meat in south-eastern Italy. Wet Res Comm 2007; 31:113-23. 37. Cardinale E, Dromigny J-A, Tall F, Ndiaye M, Konte M, Perrier-Gros-Claude JD. Fluoroquinolone susceptibility of Camyplobacter strains, Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:1479-81. 38. Cagliero C, Cloix L, Cloeckeart A, Payot S. High genetic variation in the multidrug transporter cmeB gene in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:168-72. 39. Kurinčić M, Botteldoom N, Herman L. Mechanisms of erythromycin resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from food, animals and humans. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 30:186-90.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Atelektaza pluća i infekcije donjih dišnih puteva u djece na odjelu za intenzivno liječenje Nada Mladina¹, Devleta Hadžić¹, Amela Selimović² ¹Klinika za dječije bolesti, ²Klinika za ginekologiju i akušerstvo; Univerzitetski klinički centar Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina Corresponding author: Nada Mladina, Klinika za dječije bolesti, Univerzitetski klinički centar Tuzla, Trnovac bb, 75000 Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina Phone: ++387 35 303 713 E-mail: nada.m@bih.net.ba Originalna prijava: 22. juli 2008.; Korigirana verzija: 25. oktobar 2008.; Prihvaćeno: 08. novembar 2008. Med Glas 2009; 6(2): 181-187 SAŽETAK Cilj rada Prikazati etiološke, kliničke i radiološke karakteristike atelektaze pluća kod djece na intenzivnom tretmanu u Odjeljenju intenzivne njege i terapije Klinike za dječije bolesti Tuzla u jednogodišnjem periodu. Metode Uzorak je obuhvatio 31 dijete sa infekcijom donjih dišnih puteva i atelektazom pluća. Prosječna dob djece iznosila je 3,6 ± 3,9 g. Analizirane su etiološke, kliničke i radiološke karakteristike atelektaze pluća kod djece sa infekcijom donjih dišnih puteva. Rezultati U promatranom jednogodišnjem periodu zbog infekcija donjih dišnih puteva, bronhitisa i pneumonije, liječeno je ukupno 332 pacijenta, od čega 208 dječaka (62,7%) i 124 djevojčice (37,3%). Kod 224 (67,5%) pacijenta radiološki nalaz je pokazao pneumoniju, dok je kod 31 (9,3%), uz pneumoniju, opisana i atelektaza pluća. Najčešća je bila desnostrana atelektaza (20 ili 64,5%), dok je u 10 ili 32,3% registrovana lijevostrana, a kod jednog pacijenta (3,2%) obostrana. Općenito osnovno oboljenje bila je infekcija donjih dišnih puteva (30 ili 96,8%), dok je kod samo jednog pacijenta to bio medijastinalni ekspanzivni proces. Klinički znaci, nalazi gasnih analiza i pulsne oksimetrije, bili su u korelaciji i u smislu hipoksemijskog tipa respiratorne insuficijencije. Najčešći uzrok atelektazi pluća bila je staza gustog sekreta, koja je dovela do smetnji ventilacije. Kontinuiranu oksigenoterapiju zahtijevalo je svih 31 pacijenata, najmanje 24 sata, dok je monitoring vitalnih parametara kod 12 ili 38,7% pacijenata bio potreban duže od 24 sata. Prosječna dužina intenzivnog liječenja bila je 4,3 ± 2,7 dana (od 1 do 15 dana). Zaključak Atelektaze pluća kod djece sa infekcijama donjih dišnih puteva u odjeljenju intenzivne njege nisu rijetke. One predstavljaju dodatni faktor rizika za ozbiljne poremećaje plućne ventilacije, naročito u dojenačkoj dobi. Ključne riječi: atelektaza pluća, donji dišni putevi, dijete 181
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284 ERRATUM Quality of the cardiova
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