The Impact of Energy Use on Poor Urban Livelihoods in ... - DfID

A Study <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> on Poor Urban Livelihoods in Arusha, Tanzania
Box C: Characteristics <strong>of</strong> urban poverty in Tanzania
Growth <strong>of</strong> unplanned areas
Rising unemployment in the formal sector
Growth <strong>of</strong> informal sector
Poor access to urban infrastructure and social services.
Decreasing wage incomes
Increase <strong>of</strong> survival strategies by urban residents on marginal activities
Decreasing urban employment in public and private sector creates ‘new poor’ as
well as those coming in from rural areas.
Source: Mwaiselage:1999
In Arusha, as shown in figure 3.8, a greater proportion <strong>of</strong> the population fall below
both the basic needs and food poverty, than in Tanzania as a whole.
Figure C.8: Proportion <strong>of</strong> population below the poverty lines
1991/92 2000/1
Tanzania in % Tanzania in % Arusha in %
Basic needs line 39 36 39
Food needs line 22 19 25
Source: Household Budget Survey 2000/01 as cited in Kigoda 2003 and ???
<strong>The</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> poverty and well-being as perceived by the urban poor in Arusha is
summarised in Box D.
Key findings <strong>of</strong> the Participatory Poverty Assessment Study 2001 are listed in Box E.
With one exception these are supported by the findings <strong>of</strong> this study.
In Arusha, as in Tanzania as a whole, women are likely to be poorer than men for the
reasons set out in Box F. 37
37 <strong>The</strong>y are <strong>of</strong>ten less mobile and they normally have less stable incomes and assets, leading
to less flexibility in terms <strong>of</strong> their choice <strong>of</strong> income generating activities, housing security and
opportunities for gaining access to social networks.
Development Planning Unit, UCL London
Dr. Sheilah Meikle and Patrice North