The Impact of Energy Use on Poor Urban Livelihoods in ... - DfID

3. STUDY CONTEXT 17
3.1 Introduction
<strong>The</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> energy use on poor urban livelihoods in Arusha, Tanzania,
This chapter provides the national and local context for the research which was
under-taken in two wards, Daraja Mbeli and Kaloleni, in Arusha. In doing so it
considers the nature <strong>of</strong> the economy; the socio-economic conditions and services
provided, including education, health and other public services - water, sanitation and
solid waste management. In addititon it considers the nature <strong>of</strong> poverty in both
Tanzania and Arusha, as well as reviewing energy supply and useage in both places.
It ends with a review <strong>of</strong> gender relationships.
3.2 Location, demography and administration
<strong>The</strong> Republic <strong>of</strong> Tanzania, located in East Africa (figure 3.1) with a total land area <strong>of</strong>
945,000 sq.kms, is larger than the combined area <strong>of</strong> the UK and France. With a
population, in 2001, <strong>of</strong> 35.6 million (HDI: 2003), a third <strong>of</strong> which are currently living in
urban areas (a proportion estimated to grow to nearly a half over the next twenty
years) it is the most rapidly urbanising country in Africa (Sida:1998). It has a young
population, nearly half (45%) was under 15 and almost two thirds (65%) under 25
years old at the end <strong>of</strong> the 1990s, (UNDP:99)
Figure 3.1: Map <strong>of</strong> Tanzania
17
For a fuller explanation <strong>of</strong> the Tanzanian and Arusha contexts see Appendix C1
9 Development Planning Unit, UCL London
Dr. Sheilah Meikle and Patrice North