The Impact of Energy Use on Poor Urban Livelihoods in ... - DfID

<strong>The</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> energy use on poor urban livelihoods in Arusha, Tanzania,
structured interview samples were divided in the proportions set out in figure 4.3. for
both wards. Women were interviewed in all four sub-groups. Men were interviewed in
male-headed households.
<strong>The</strong> study used a well-being matrix to differentiate between poor and non-poor
households. <strong>The</strong> ward-elected leaders and executive <strong>of</strong>ficers determined the indicators
used in this matrix, as set out in figure 4.6. <strong>The</strong> initial discussions resulted in three
levels <strong>of</strong> well being: rich, moderately poor and poor.
Figure 4.3: Semi-structured interviews by sample selection
Male headed households a
Female headed households b
Poor Non-poor Poor Non-poor Total
Daraja Mbili 15 15 15 10 55
Kaloleni 15 15 14 15 59
Total 30 30 29 25 114
a - b -
includes man and woman in each household. only women interviewed.
Source: Authors
4.2.3 Definititons - poverty and gender
<strong>The</strong> team identified two possible Swahili words for 'poverty', ufukara and umaskini. <strong>The</strong>
former, which in translation implies absolute poverty or destitution and is associated
with physical disability, was unacceptable to the Ward Livestock Officer for Kaloleni
ward. 52 Once this had been identified, the milder umaskini was used. This is taken to
mean the inability to sustain oneself in life. <strong>The</strong> poor standard <strong>of</strong> life which people
experience in the environment in which they live. It is caused by the people
themselves. 53
<strong>The</strong> term gender was given its conventional definition.
4.2.3 Dissemination 54
Dissemination <strong>of</strong> the draft findings occurred in the process <strong>of</strong> study. Dissemination
events completed are:
� Press conference, February 2004, Arusha, prior to, and to advertise, the
February workshops.
� Articles in Arusha Times 21-27 February, 2004
� WODSTA community energy workshops, 30 th April and 3 rd May, 2004
� Publication in the DPU News, Issue 46, February 2004 www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu/
� Publication UCL Newsletter, August 2004
� Publication in DFID <strong>Energy</strong> News, Issue 18, May 2004 www.dfid-karenergy.org.uk
� Publication in DFID Urbanisation News, Issue 18, May 2004
www.lboro.ac.uk/garnet/UrbanKaR/DFID-KAR-URBAN.html
� Workshop, DPU London 23 July 2004.
� WODSTA will include an article in the next Newsletter (tba).REFERENCE
� Interworld Radio, part <strong>of</strong> the Panos Institute, London will use this study in a
programme in early 2005.
� Arusha Times website 21-27 February, 2004 www.arushatimes.co.tz
� Dissemination workshops, 18 and 19 February, 2004 (see figure 4.5)
52 Kaloleni Focus Group Discussion
53 Focus Group discussion with Youth group in Kaloleni
54 Press release, press cuttings, workshop programmes, and lists <strong>of</strong> participants are included in
Appendix D8
22
Development Planning Unit, UCL London
Dr. Sheilah Meikle and Patrice North