The Impact of Energy Use on Poor Urban Livelihoods in ... - DfID

<strong>The</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> energy use on poor urban livelihoods in Arusha, Tanzania,
Figure 4.1: Comparison <strong>of</strong> Daraja Mbili and Kaloleni wards: key indicators
Name <strong>of</strong> ward Daraja Mbili Kaloleni
Layout unplanned planned
No. streets a
6 3
Socio-economic condition poorest better <strong>of</strong>f
Family size 3-19 1-14
Type urban Urban/peri-urban
a A local administrative unit below the ward level
Source: Project fieldwork
<strong>The</strong> integration <strong>of</strong> research and practice was an important feature <strong>of</strong> this study.
Although it set a challenging task it proved achievable and has resulted in the
community residents feeling that their contribution to the research has already started
to benefit their lives. Further consideration is given to the characteristics <strong>of</strong> this
process; its length, its various components and the linkages among them, as well as
the location <strong>of</strong> the various activities, is set out in figure 4.2: the study process.
<strong>The</strong>re follow sections on the research and practice components and a conclusion.
4.2 Research component
4.2.1 Introduction
<strong>The</strong> research was participatory and primarily qualitative in approach, although it also
proved possible to collect quantitative data. It incorporated inputs from a variety <strong>of</strong>
stakeholders including the residents <strong>of</strong> the wards and the research team.
Specifically, this component was concerned with:
� Understanding how energy is used in poor urban households
� Understanding how poor women and girls can optimise their use <strong>of</strong> energy
through the use <strong>of</strong> cleaner and more efficient energy
� Testing assumptions concerning the relationship between energy and the
achievement <strong>of</strong> Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 2 and 3.
In order to examine these three issues it collected and tested information using a
number <strong>of</strong> tools and a process <strong>of</strong> triangulation as set out in figures 4.4 and 4.5.
Through prudent management <strong>of</strong> funds and as a result <strong>of</strong> the strengthening <strong>of</strong> the £
sterling against the Tanzanian shilling over the project period it was possible to
undertake 8 workshops, 5 more than those required by the research contract.
4.2.2 Study samples
<strong>The</strong> study sampled 60 households in each <strong>of</strong> the 2 wards. <strong>The</strong> sampling frames were
the ward registers in each street. Households sampled in each street were proportional
to the number <strong>of</strong> households registered in each street. This resulted in more interviews
in the poorest streets. It was originally intended to interview a small sample <strong>of</strong> women
in male-headed households as a control group. As this sample was very small this
strategy was abandoned. See Appendix D7.
In order to compare the energy role, responsibilities and rights <strong>of</strong> women in poor and
less poor households; and in female headed and male headed households the semi-
20 Development Planning Unit, UCL London
Dr. Sheilah Meikle and Patrice North