DDK HistoryF.p65 - CSIR

5.3] RISE OF NEW TRIBES 119
in the Jatakas, though the kingdom and the name hadvanished before
the Jataka was written. It follows that such study can be highly informative,
provided the materialist basis is not obscured by endless conjectures
and distortion of the
texts.
5.3. The TS brings out another feature of brahmin tracfir tion : that
it did not represent all Aryans, but only some Aryan groups. The RV
was put together from clan books combined with certain additions,
then transmitted to us in a Sakala recension which was generally accepted.
In preserving the Yajurveda, several other widely separated tribal groups
participated. Names like Katha connected with the tradition are confirmed
by Greek sources as Indian tribal names at the time of Alexander.
The TS is only one of such recensions; though important differences
had not become evident, it is clear that the Aryan tribes had begun to
diverge. This is not a book of the Purus, for example, who continued
in the Punjab, nor of any of the original Five Tribes, whoever they
were. Newer tribal names now appeared among the Aryans
simultaneously with the occupation of new territory. These names can
hardly be due to further invasions from outside, as the continuity from
Rgvedic times within the Punjab shows us. The new tribes must have
been internal developments, from a few migrants presumably
combined with non-Aryan autochthones, a process which was
working even at the time of the Rgveda.The name of the TS derives
from Tittiri, a partridge gotra totem, all the more interesting because
the book itself tells us (TS. 2,5.1) that one of the heads struck off
from three-headed Tvastra by Indra became a tittiri birtt The tittiri
country produced fine horses according to Mbh. 6.86.4. The book is
concerned with enormous sacrificial developments, shown by the long
list of animals (TS. 5.5.112) to be killed along with the sacrificial horse.
In TS. 1.8.2-7, there is brief mention of the few popular sacrifices for the
four months of the rains; the whole book is concerned with the
chieftain’s ritual, including consecration. The term grhapati = householder
does occur, with a special garhapatya fire. In the TS it cannot refer to a
small householder for whom the onerous sacrifices described would be