DDK HistoryF.p65 - CSIR

7.3] INFLUENCE UPON RELIGION 205
The Jain source Tiloyapannatti would rather indicate that the convert
was a descendant of Candragupta. A considerable number followed
the Jain acarya Bhadrabahu (about 300 B. c.) southwards, to settle in
Kanarese territory. Their main support would have been the Magadhan
traders who had been attracted by the gold and other produce that
the Hyderabad-Mysore country had yielded since the late stone age.
Asoka’s edicts there were seen by people of the late stone and early iron
ages, who continued, as at Brahmagiri, to build their great stone cisttombs
for chiefs or “ saints” or clan-founders for some time
afterwards.
The mechanism of violence had been tried out earlier :
(RE. 13) “ When king Piyadasi Beloved-of-the gods had been anointed eight years, the
country of the Kalihgas was conquered by him; 150,000 in number were the men who were
deported (apavudhe) thence. 100,000 in number were those who were slain there, and many
times as many those who died.”
The people were carried off (apavudhe) not into slavery, but for
settlement upon crown lands, as we know from the older Arthasastra
policy; specifically, the verb is so used in Arth, 2.1, 7.1, 7.16, 9.4, 11.1,
13.5. There is no mention of any king or princes in Kaliriga, which
must therefore have emerged sufficiently out of the early tribal stage to
support a considerable population, without having any powerful kings
or kingship. 9 Such development is to be expected by stimulus of the
Mauryan neighbourhood ; a good case may be made out for the
Brahma-giri-Candravalli megalithic culture to have developed out of
a more primitive layer by Mauryan contact, and trade, though regular
agriculture began with the Satavahanas. This does not mean that the
Satavahanas introduced agriculture — which had been known, with the
northern plough, much earlier. But plough-farming made their change
from chieftainhood to kingship possible, and they promoted village
settlement. Asoka recommends peaceful conquest by morality, the
only true conquest.
“ There is no country where these classes, the brahmins and the sramanas do
not exist, except among the Yonas; and there is no (place) in any country where men