Pastoralism and Rangeland Management on the Tibetan Plateau in ...

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4 Nepal-Tibetan Plateau Linkages Development of cross-border ecotourism combining Nepal Himalaya <strong>and</strong> Tibetan Plateau is much more than trekking, mountaineering <strong>and</strong> visiting Protected Areas <strong>and</strong> major high altitude cities like Kathm<strong>and</strong>u, Pokhara <strong>and</strong> Lasha. Rather it is blending of spectacular l<strong>and</strong>scapes, breathtaking sceneries, natural heritages, unique habitat of plants <strong>and</strong> animals, magnificent temples, mountain passes, snow-capped peaks, nomad camps, pilgrims <strong>and</strong> much more, this is truly a journey to stir the senses <strong>and</strong> nourish the soul – of all the destinations in Asia, the most sacred <strong>and</strong> sublime (Figure 3). According to the China Species Information System, ten Nature Reserves have been established in Qinghai Province; Kekexili, Mengda, Qinghaihu niaodao (Qinghai Lake Bird Isl<strong>and</strong>), Longbao, Sanjiangyuan, Baokushui yuanlin, Dongxiashui yuanlin, Chaidamusuo suolin, Kelukehu-tuo suohu <strong>and</strong> Geermuhu yanglin. There are other 24 Nature Reserves established in Tibet Autonomous Region (Xizang); Mangkang, Jiangcun, Zhangmu kouan, Dongjiu, Bajie, Gangxiang, Pengbo heijinghe, Zhumulangmafeng (Mt. Everest), Qiangtang, Shenzha, Motuo, Ximalaya (Himalaya), Jianglianghe jizhoubian diqu heijinghe, Leiwuqi (Riwoche), Chayuci bagou, Selincuo heijinghe, A’langsi bubai chunlu, Yaluzangbu daxiagu (Yarlung Tsangpo Gorge), Yaluzangbujiang zhongyouhegu heijinghe, Lalu shidi, Namucuo, Rikaze yanrong, Dagejiapen quanqun <strong>and</strong> Zhadatulin. Similarly according to DNPWC, there are nine Protected Areas in the Nepal side, namely Rara National Park (NP), Shey-Phoksundo NP, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Annapurna NP, Manaslu Conservation Area, Langtang NP, Sagarmatha NP, Makalu-Barun NP <strong>and</strong> Kanchenjunga NP. Altogether this makes Nepal-Tibetan Plateau area world’s one of very diverse <strong>and</strong> biologically important zone. Interestingly there are number of high passes between Nepal Himalaya <strong>and</strong> Tibetan Plateau, some of which are very popular among the tourists <strong>and</strong> some others need extra promotion. For example, Everest High Pass Trekking in Everest Region is now considered to be one of the best journeys in the world, combining a strenuous trek with extremely rewarding cultural <strong>and</strong> ecological experiences. Kongma La Pass 5540 m south west of Everest <strong>and</strong> straight above the Dingboce, ChoLa Pass 5335 m situated west of Everest Base Camp, Lobuche <strong>and</strong> north east of Gokyo <strong>and</strong> the newly explored Pass Renjo La Pass 5400 m South of Gokyo <strong>and</strong> northwest of Namche/Thame are the major three passes of Everest region. Kongma La is a beautiful pass, from where we can view the dramatic Mt. Thamserku, Mt. Amadablam, <strong>and</strong> Mt. Kongtega <strong>and</strong> glacial 137 > > > 3. Eco-tourism <strong>and</strong> Nature Protection in Relation to <strong>Pastoralism</strong> <strong>and</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong> <strong>Management</strong>
Lakes just a few kilometers distant. Cho La Pass has become a commonly used pass, because during peak season 40 to 50 people cross from Gokyo to Everest Base Camp <strong>and</strong> from base camp to Gokyo. The difficulty is similar to Kongma La Pass <strong>and</strong> Cho La Pass, on to the western side of pass, from the top (Gokyo Side) is a hard ascent for approx 200 m. Renjo La pass is much majestic than other passes, the north ridge <strong>and</strong> south ridge of Mt. Everest is clearly displayed. You can shoot pictures from Renjo Pass of Gokyo village with a charming blue lake, huge glacier, ChoLa Pass in the Lap of Everest <strong>and</strong> Mt. Makalu in one shot including numerous other mountains. After crossing the pass, we come across the amazing remote valley. We view to the west more mountains than can be seen from Gokyo <strong>and</strong> Everest Base Camp. 5 Regionalisation <strong>and</strong> the Great Himalayan Trail Taking a regional approach to tourism marketing by combining promotional efforts is now widely acknowledged as providing economies of scale, added value <strong>and</strong> sharing power unattainable by individual destinations. Advantages include the stretching of budgets, faster growth in destination awareness, greater media exposure, earlier product positioning, more effective br<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> allegiance building, <strong>and</strong> more rapid penetration into target markets. Opportunities for regional cooperation provided by Nepal’s linkages with Tibet <strong>and</strong> SAARC members, <strong>and</strong> the Quadrangle (Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh <strong>and</strong> India) should be enthusiastically embraced. The ‘Great Himalayan Trail’ concept has emerged from discussions with the industry as having merit with both a marketing <strong>and</strong> development rationale. The idea of a cross Nepal trail (<strong>and</strong> indeed stretching on into neighbouring countries) linking the popular trek areas like a ‘string of beads’ could encourage visitation, provide a market focus to remote valleys, <strong>and</strong> bring tourism income to neglected valleys between link the current popular trek areas. There is no obvious one <strong>and</strong> only Great Himalayan Trail; rather market forces will decide what are the preferred options between the easiest middle hills route, the more challenging alpine route <strong>and</strong> the extreme mountaineering route. Launch of the Great Himalayan Trail concept is expected to broaden the trek product in Nepal <strong>and</strong>, particularly to establish the improved trek areas of Humla, Dolpa, Makalu Barun <strong>and</strong> Kanchenjunga, <strong>and</strong> eventually linking these mountainous regions with broadening sections of neighbouring countries, most importantly Tibetan Plateau Region (TPR) <strong>and</strong> India. Great Himalayan Trail, the longest <strong>and</strong> highest alpine walking track in the world is scheduled to be inaugurated on 14 January 2011 in Kathm<strong>and</strong>u. 138
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Bonn 2011 21-25 October 2010 Region
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Contents Preface ..................
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5.3 Socio-economic Changes in Pasto
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planning and imple
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agricultural base for niche plateau
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Welcome Address by Madhav Karki, IC
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Welcome Address by Jürgen Richter,
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training and have
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Welcome Speech by Ding Ye Xian, Vic
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efforts and streng
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LRMP Land Resource
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Source: Qi Xuebin 2004 The distribu
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In addition, these formulated objec
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ditional resources that play a grow
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1 Introduction On the 18th of Janua
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the headwater areas of the Yellow R
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southern mountainous region of TAR,
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Dai, Y. Y. 2010: 2.5 billion RMB Yu
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2.2 Building the Eco-Shelter of the
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Photo 1: The water towers of humank
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Tibet’s numerous glaciers, lakes,
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Second, to earnestly carry out the
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Figure 2: Map of prefectures within
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Farmers and herdsm
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tems in Tibet, we should establish
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2.3 The Impact of Rangeland
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2 Overview of Pastures in Xinjiang
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Table 1: The coverage of different
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of the land but fe
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Table 2: Various service function v
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thousand hectares
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(2) Rangeland rest
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forage, the problem of serious wint
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3 Eco-tourism and
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1 Rangelands as na
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Holistically valuing a complex syst
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This multi-functional nature of the
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farming landscapes
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lages started in late 1990s. Before
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78 local communities must be able t
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4.2 From “protection or conservat
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82 4. Recreational venues/ tourism
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6 Conclusions Rangeland</st
Page 87 and 88: Statistics Bureau of Tibet 2010: Bu
Page 89 and 90: Photo 1: Landscape
Page 91 and 92: weather is becoming less predictabl
Page 93 and 94: 3.2 Is Cow Dung used for Fuel reall
Page 95 and 96: some 20-30 tea-house trekking touri
Page 97 and 98: contributed largely by the native p
Page 99 and 100: The NTNC-ACAP with the collaboratio
Page 101 and 102: conditions and inc
Page 103 and 104: 3.3 Balancing Protection an
Page 105 and 106: of the National Scenic Area List <s
Page 107 and 108: “nine arms” ( the Tashi Duo Pen
Page 109 and 110: Table 1: Rangeland
Page 111 and 112: pastoralists in the surrounding are
Page 113 and 114: Source: Bureau of Statistics Damxun
Page 115 and 116: of family income, and</stro
Page 117 and 118: get their supplies from a fixed who
Page 119 and 120: Photo 2: Prayer flags hanging r<str
Page 121 and 122: for the introduction and</s
Page 123 and 124: to control the overload of livestoc
Page 125 and 126: partnership. This approach in our v
Page 127 and 128: Source: adapted from ICIMOD 2009 Fi
Page 129 and 130: Year Total By Air By Land</
Page 131 and 132: 2.1 Purpose of visit Nepal offers s
Page 133 and 134: natural and cultur
Page 135 and 136: (TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Associ
Page 137: 3 Mountain Pastoralism</str
Page 141 and 142: Fielding, E., Isacks, B., Barazangi
Page 143 and 144: 4 Niche Production as an Additional
Page 145 and 146: further accelerating ecosystem degr
Page 147 and 148: 5 Pastoralism-base
Page 149 and 150: Photo 2: Podophyllum hexand
Page 151 and 152: Photo 5: Dactylorhiza hatagirea; a
Page 153 and 154: 5.6 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Ben
Page 155 and 156: information on value chains, build
Page 157 and 158: nonetheless to ensure that appropri
Page 159 and 160: Bhattarai, N. and
Page 161 and 162: Table 1: Rangeland
Page 163 and 164: Botanical name and
Page 165 and 166: Plant species and
Page 167 and 168: permit. Fourth, we should strengthe
Page 169 and 170: Source: Winkler, D. 2008, 2010 Figu
Page 171 and 172: Photo 2: Trading of collected Cordy
Page 173 and 174: Farmers and herdsm
Page 175 and 176: 5.3 Social problems caused by explo
Page 177 and 178: Jiang Yi, Yao Yijian 2004: An Overv
Page 179 and 180: level for making different homestea
Page 181 and 182: Photo 1: Shepherd returning with hi
Page 183 and 184: 50-200 culled buffalos are slaughte
Page 185 and 186: complementary to the surplus availa
Page 187 and 188: for celebratory and</strong
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Wool is sheared three times a year
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2.2.9 The Community Wool Enterprise
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In the mountain areas of Northern P
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are exported in crude form i.e. in
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3.4 Eco-tourism Products The mounta
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Ehlers, E. and H.
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5 Pastoral Practices and</s
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and entrepreneursh
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to 4500-5300 m in altitudes where c
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pastures in summer from winter camp
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 208 Detached mou
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 210 Agro-pastora
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The renaissance of modernisation th
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Table 1: Initial Chinese reforms af
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Restore Pastures to Grass (tuimu hu
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4 Resettlement Programmes The above
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5 Future Prospects for pastoral Pra
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Benson, L. and Sva
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Tashi, Y., Chamard, P. C., Courel,
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has been put forward. The governmen
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Revolution, here, refers to the lif
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Table 2: Differentiation between ri
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angeland managemen
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Photo 1: Oat hay from Qumei Town, S
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Photo 3: Storing oat hay for market
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poverty and ecolog
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The average annual incomes of herde
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Source: Cui et al. 2011 Figure 1: L
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3.3 Culture and ed
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formed the main basis of the total
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source of income for agro-pastoral
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��
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Plateau. There were 2.27 million an
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254 Improving education Migration &
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5.4 Recent Changes in Pastoral Syst
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Figure 1: Gorno-Badakhshan - Pastur
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�� Major owners keep their anim
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Only insignificant cultivation area
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of providing animals with seasonal-
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1 Main Achievements and</st
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4. The emergence of industrial <str
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1.2 Main practices and</str
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4. Taking advantage of local resour
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much improved, the ecological envir
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shall promote the intensive use of
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education of farmers and</s
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emphasis on introduction an
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angelands in their
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7.2 Summary of Group Discussion 7.2
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8 Recommendations formulated by the
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Monitoring �� Improve instituti
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Photo 1: The Tibetan Plateau a chal
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Photo 2: Yak-breeding in Linzhou Co
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4. The way forward and</str
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10 Annexes 10.1 Conference
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12:00 Production and</stron
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10.2 List of Participants PR of Chi
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PR of China Ms. Qin Ai Qiong Resear
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PR of China Mr. Yundan Deputy Direc
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Nepal Mr. Mainali, Gopi Nath Joint
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International Participants Dr. Kark
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Imprint Publisher: Deutsche Gesells
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