Pastoralism and Rangeland Management on the Tibetan Plateau in ...

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The feasibility of the fodder availability project is based on the following factors: (i) The central government has a macro policy for supporting pastoral development <strong>and</strong> building an ecological shelter. (ii) The pastoralists are yearning for a new life <strong>and</strong> to be part of the national rejuvenation. (iii) The agricultural areas, particularly grain-producing areas in Mainl<strong>and</strong> China, have an unlimited supply of straw <strong>and</strong> other residues. Mainl<strong>and</strong> farmers can also increase their income through sales of surplus by-products. (iv) The central government gives support to large-scale water conservancy projects in Tibet. In the next few years, nearly 5 million new hectares of farml<strong>and</strong> will be irrigated. (v) The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has completed electrification in the section from Xining to Golmud. A modern logistics centre has been built in Nagqu, with adequate transport, loading <strong>and</strong> unloading capabilities. (vii) A number of research institutes <strong>and</strong> enterprises have made great strides in the research, development <strong>and</strong> marketing of niche livestock products. (vii) Part of the Cordyceps-related revenues can be directed towards supporting the development of livestock production. (viii) The building of physical <strong>and</strong> social infrastructure connects the pastoral communities with the outside world <strong>and</strong> opens a new era of development for the pastoralists. If we seize these opportunities, then development of rangel<strong>and</strong> pastoralism in Tibet will certainly reach new heights. 6 Conclusions <strong>and</strong> Recommendations To summarize the discussions, we come to a few conclusions regarding poverty alleviation <strong>and</strong> development on the Tibetan Plateau. We must adhere to the principles of “People First <strong>and</strong> Sustainable Development”. The householdbased participatory approach to poverty alleviation should be implemented. We should rely on strong scientific <strong>and</strong> technological support, ensure fodder availability <strong>and</strong> promote an increase in the slaughter rate. We should integrate pastoral practices <strong>and</strong> agricultural resources, stabilize household operations <strong>and</strong> improve the value of aid in order to make more contributions to the development <strong>and</strong> ecological protection of pastoral communities. We recommend that policy makers pay more attention to promoting an integrated agricultural <strong>and</strong> pastoral development model for the alleviation of 237 > > > 5. Pastoral Practices <strong>and</strong> their Transformations
poverty <strong>and</strong> ecological pressures. The scientific community should dedicate more research efforts to this area as well. Organizations for human capital development in pastoral areas should attach more importance to capacity building for public service workers. References Agricultural Planning Commission Office, Tibet Autonomous Region 1985: A Survey on Livestock <strong>and</strong> Poultry Varieties <strong>and</strong> Resources in Tibet. Lhasa Bai, Tao 2004: From tradition to modernity. Lhasa: Tibet People’s Publishing House Fan Xiaojian 2007: Growth models of agriculture <strong>and</strong> animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry in Tibet. Beijing: China Agriculture Press Han Jianlin et al. (ed.) 2002: Yak production in Central Asian highl<strong>and</strong>s. Proceedings of the third international congress on yak held in Lhasa, P.R. China, 4–9 September 2000. Nairobi: International Livestock Research Institute (download: http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/InfoServ/Webpub/ Fulldocs/Yakpro/SessionA6.htm) Ji Qiu Mei, Pu Qiong, Dawa Yangla, Tsering Deji, et al. 2000: Performance <strong>and</strong> Quality Analysis of Three Kinds of Fine Yak Meat in Tibet. In: China Herbivores 2 (5): 368–371 Ji Qiumei, et al. 2003: The Analysis of the Status Quo <strong>and</strong> Productivity Degradation of Tibetan Yak Resources. In: Veterinary Journal 34 (4): 368–371 Longworth, J. W., Brown, C. G., <strong>and</strong> S. A. Waldron 2003: Beef in China: Agribusiness Opportunities <strong>and</strong> Challenges. Beijing: China Agriculture Press (translated from English into Chinese by Liu Yuman) Tashi, Nyima 2009: Structural Adjustment <strong>and</strong> Development Strategy for Crop Farming in Tibet. Beijing: China Agricultural Science Press Websites of China-Canada Agricultural Development projects, the Canadian International Development Agency, Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Agri-Food Canada (http://jxjy.gsau.edu.cn/ccag/english/projects/prj_sustain_eng.htm) Wiener, G., Jianlin, Han <strong>and</strong> Ruijun, Long 2003: The yak (second edition). Bangkok: FAO World Bank Group website: The World Bank small-scale cattle development project. Washington DC (http://www.worldbank.org/) 238
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Bonn 2011 21-25 October 2010 Region
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Contents Preface ..................
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5.3 Socio-economic Changes in Pasto
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planning and imple
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agricultural base for niche plateau
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Welcome Address by Madhav Karki, IC
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Welcome Address by Jürgen Richter,
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training and have
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Welcome Speech by Ding Ye Xian, Vic
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efforts and streng
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LRMP Land Resource
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Source: Qi Xuebin 2004 The distribu
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In addition, these formulated objec
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ditional resources that play a grow
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1 Introduction On the 18th of Janua
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the headwater areas of the Yellow R
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southern mountainous region of TAR,
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Dai, Y. Y. 2010: 2.5 billion RMB Yu
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2.2 Building the Eco-Shelter of the
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Photo 1: The water towers of humank
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Tibet’s numerous glaciers, lakes,
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Second, to earnestly carry out the
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Figure 2: Map of prefectures within
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Farmers and herdsm
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tems in Tibet, we should establish
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2.3 The Impact of Rangeland
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2 Overview of Pastures in Xinjiang
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Table 1: The coverage of different
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of the land but fe
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Table 2: Various service function v
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thousand hectares
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(2) Rangeland rest
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forage, the problem of serious wint
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3 Eco-tourism and
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1 Rangelands as na
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Holistically valuing a complex syst
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This multi-functional nature of the
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farming landscapes
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lages started in late 1990s. Before
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78 local communities must be able t
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4.2 From “protection or conservat
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82 4. Recreational venues/ tourism
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6 Conclusions Rangeland</st
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Statistics Bureau of Tibet 2010: Bu
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Photo 1: Landscape
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weather is becoming less predictabl
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3.2 Is Cow Dung used for Fuel reall
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some 20-30 tea-house trekking touri
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contributed largely by the native p
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The NTNC-ACAP with the collaboratio
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conditions and inc
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3.3 Balancing Protection an
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of the National Scenic Area List <s
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“nine arms” ( the Tashi Duo Pen
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Table 1: Rangeland
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pastoralists in the surrounding are
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Source: Bureau of Statistics Damxun
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of family income, and</stro
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get their supplies from a fixed who
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Photo 2: Prayer flags hanging r<str
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for the introduction and</s
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to control the overload of livestoc
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partnership. This approach in our v
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Source: adapted from ICIMOD 2009 Fi
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Year Total By Air By Land</
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2.1 Purpose of visit Nepal offers s
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natural and cultur
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(TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Associ
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3 Mountain Pastoralism</str
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Lakes just a few kilometers distant
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Fielding, E., Isacks, B., Barazangi
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4 Niche Production as an Additional
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further accelerating ecosystem degr
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5 Pastoralism-base
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Photo 2: Podophyllum hexand
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Photo 5: Dactylorhiza hatagirea; a
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5.6 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Ben
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information on value chains, build
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nonetheless to ensure that appropri
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Bhattarai, N. and
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Table 1: Rangeland
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Botanical name and
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Plant species and
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permit. Fourth, we should strengthe
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Source: Winkler, D. 2008, 2010 Figu
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Photo 2: Trading of collected Cordy
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Farmers and herdsm
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5.3 Social problems caused by explo
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Jiang Yi, Yao Yijian 2004: An Overv
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level for making different homestea
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Photo 1: Shepherd returning with hi
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50-200 culled buffalos are slaughte
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complementary to the surplus availa
Page 187 and 188: for celebratory and</strong
Page 189 and 190: Wool is sheared three times a year
Page 191 and 192: 2.2.9 The Community Wool Enterprise
Page 193 and 194: In the mountain areas of Northern P
Page 195 and 196: are exported in crude form i.e. in
Page 197 and 198: 3.4 Eco-tourism Products The mounta
Page 199 and 200: Ehlers, E. and H.
Page 201 and 202: 5 Pastoral Practices and</s
Page 203 and 204: and entrepreneursh
Page 205 and 206: to 4500-5300 m in altitudes where c
Page 207 and 208: pastures in summer from winter camp
Page 209 and 210: 5000 (m) 4000 3000 208 Detached mou
Page 211 and 212: 5000 (m) 4000 3000 210 Agro-pastora
Page 213 and 214: The renaissance of modernisation th
Page 215 and 216: Table 1: Initial Chinese reforms af
Page 217 and 218: Restore Pastures to Grass (tuimu hu
Page 219 and 220: 4 Resettlement Programmes The above
Page 221 and 222: 5 Future Prospects for pastoral Pra
Page 223 and 224: Benson, L. and Sva
Page 225 and 226: Tashi, Y., Chamard, P. C., Courel,
Page 227 and 228: has been put forward. The governmen
Page 229 and 230: Revolution, here, refers to the lif
Page 231 and 232: Table 2: Differentiation between ri
Page 233 and 234: angeland managemen
Page 235 and 236: Photo 1: Oat hay from Qumei Town, S
Page 237: Photo 3: Storing oat hay for market
Page 241 and 242: The average annual incomes of herde
Page 243 and 244: Source: Cui et al. 2011 Figure 1: L
Page 245 and 246: 3.3 Culture and ed
Page 247 and 248: formed the main basis of the total
Page 249 and 250: source of income for agro-pastoral
Page 251 and 252: ��
Page 253 and 254: Plateau. There were 2.27 million an
Page 255 and 256: 254 Improving education Migration &
Page 257 and 258: 5.4 Recent Changes in Pastoral Syst
Page 259 and 260: Figure 1: Gorno-Badakhshan - Pastur
Page 261 and 262: �� Major owners keep their anim
Page 263 and 264: Only insignificant cultivation area
Page 265 and 266: of providing animals with seasonal-
Page 267 and 268: 1 Main Achievements and</st
Page 269 and 270: 4. The emergence of industrial <str
Page 271 and 272: 1.2 Main practices and</str
Page 273 and 274: 4. Taking advantage of local resour
Page 275 and 276: much improved, the ecological envir
Page 277 and 278: shall promote the intensive use of
Page 279 and 280: education of farmers and</s
Page 281 and 282: emphasis on introduction an
Page 283 and 284: angelands in their
Page 285 and 286: 7.2 Summary of Group Discussion 7.2
Page 287 and 288: 8 Recommendations formulated by the
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Monitoring �� Improve instituti
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Photo 1: The Tibetan Plateau a chal
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Photo 2: Yak-breeding in Linzhou Co
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4. The way forward and</str
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10 Annexes 10.1 Conference
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12:00 Production and</stron
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10.2 List of Participants PR of Chi
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PR of China Ms. Qin Ai Qiong Resear
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PR of China Mr. Yundan Deputy Direc
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Nepal Mr. Mainali, Gopi Nath Joint
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International Participants Dr. Kark
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Imprint Publisher: Deutsche Gesells
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