Pastoralism and Rangeland Management on the Tibetan Plateau in ...

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angel<strong>and</strong>s, improve the production capacity <strong>and</strong> change the structures <strong>and</strong> species of the livestock. Lastly, the researchers should provide support scientifically <strong>and</strong> with technology. Finally, Mr. Narendra Lama added that protection should be considered with the herders. Policies should combine with resources protection, <strong>and</strong> some tourism projects could be attempted that have a small scope but a high value. Next, the topic shifted to the impact of climate <strong>and</strong> global change <strong>and</strong> how to deal with both changes. Dr. Yi Shaoliang said human beings should reduce disturbances to the ecology <strong>and</strong> adapt to it actively. Prof. Dr. Hermann Kreutzmann thought global change was more important than climate change. Although global change brought many challenges, more opportunities also exist if we can use <strong>and</strong> discover more special resources of the rangel<strong>and</strong>s. Mr. Izhar Ali Hunzai said the global change required everyone to participate <strong>and</strong> bring more opportunities to the local people, but that the local consumption had to change to a certain extent. Mr. Uday Ch<strong>and</strong>ra Thakur thought the local people should be empowered to deal with global change. Prof. Danba expressed the thought that climate <strong>and</strong> global change could be positive, <strong>and</strong> that he hoped the climate change could bring improvements. Lastly, Mr. Liu Jianli introduced the recent changes in Xinjiang, including the reduction of rainfall <strong>and</strong> the decrease of plant species. Taking this change into account he believed that pastoralism still had a strong competitive capability because of its low cost of production <strong>and</strong> its organic products. Finally, representatives from the plenary asked a few questions of the five specialists who gave presentations prior <strong>and</strong> the specialists responded. 1. Q: How can we control the harvesting of caterpillar fungus <strong>and</strong> are the government strategies useful? If possible, could you please give us some examples of these strategies? A: The strategies of the government were useful to a certain extent. For example, by introducing training from Tibetan <strong>and</strong> Han Chinese teachers on the knowledge of caterpillar fungus, most herders can underst<strong>and</strong> the importance of the caterpillar fungus <strong>and</strong> control themselves in order to protect the resource. 2. Q: Is there any method that could deal with the shortage of fodder in the future? A: We should enhance the community with agriculture <strong>and</strong> utilize the abundant natural resources. Finally, Dr. Nyima Tashi, on behalf of all representatives, expressed his great thanks to the seven specialists. Recorded by Wang Li 283 > > > 7. Panel <strong>and</strong> Group Discussions
7.2 Summary of Group Discussion 7.2.1 Recommendations from Group Work The aim of the discussion in the first group was to provide recommendations on the main options used to cope with challenges from the perspective of the government, research <strong>and</strong> capability building institutes, development agencies <strong>and</strong> the private sector. After the discussion, seven recommendations were proposed including: baseline <strong>and</strong> monitoring, research, training, employment, insurance <strong>and</strong> incentive, added value production <strong>and</strong> technical measures. The actions included in each recommendation were: 1. Baseline <strong>and</strong> monitoring a. Changes in the rangel<strong>and</strong> ecosystem as a result of changed human use patterns should be closely monitored by research organizations b. The biodiversity conservation should be maintained with the participation of local communities <strong>and</strong> the national government c. Baseline research should be conducted in order to establish comprehensive monitoring of the livestock population <strong>and</strong> environmental conditions; process information <strong>and</strong> make it available for use of decision-makers d. Evaluate the efficiency of current rangel<strong>and</strong> policy to form a logical rangel<strong>and</strong> policy e. Complete the rangel<strong>and</strong> resources survey with “the three S” technology, i.e., remote sensing, GPS <strong>and</strong> GIS technologies 2. Research a. Adjust the structure of the crop farming, to increase the rate of artificial rangel<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> to increase the amount of housed livestock b. Improve the production of forage <strong>and</strong> increase the added value of rangel<strong>and</strong> production c. Breed <strong>and</strong> popularize the grass strain which has the highest drought resistance d. Research the strains which are drought <strong>and</strong> trampling resistant <strong>and</strong> plant them on the rangel<strong>and</strong> e. Research the potential for regional cooperation 3. Training a. The related research institutes should actively provide dissemination of scientific knowledge to herders in connection with the problems 284
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Bonn 2011 21-25 October 2010 Region
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Contents Preface ..................
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5.3 Socio-economic Changes in Pasto
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planning and imple
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agricultural base for niche plateau
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Welcome Address by Madhav Karki, IC
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Welcome Address by Jürgen Richter,
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training and have
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Welcome Speech by Ding Ye Xian, Vic
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efforts and streng
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LRMP Land Resource
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Source: Qi Xuebin 2004 The distribu
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In addition, these formulated objec
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ditional resources that play a grow
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1 Introduction On the 18th of Janua
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the headwater areas of the Yellow R
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southern mountainous region of TAR,
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Dai, Y. Y. 2010: 2.5 billion RMB Yu
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2.2 Building the Eco-Shelter of the
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Photo 1: The water towers of humank
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Tibet’s numerous glaciers, lakes,
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Second, to earnestly carry out the
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Figure 2: Map of prefectures within
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Farmers and herdsm
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tems in Tibet, we should establish
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2.3 The Impact of Rangeland
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2 Overview of Pastures in Xinjiang
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Table 1: The coverage of different
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of the land but fe
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Table 2: Various service function v
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thousand hectares
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(2) Rangeland rest
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forage, the problem of serious wint
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3 Eco-tourism and
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1 Rangelands as na
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Holistically valuing a complex syst
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This multi-functional nature of the
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farming landscapes
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lages started in late 1990s. Before
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78 local communities must be able t
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4.2 From “protection or conservat
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82 4. Recreational venues/ tourism
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6 Conclusions Rangeland</st
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Statistics Bureau of Tibet 2010: Bu
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Photo 1: Landscape
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weather is becoming less predictabl
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3.2 Is Cow Dung used for Fuel reall
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some 20-30 tea-house trekking touri
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contributed largely by the native p
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The NTNC-ACAP with the collaboratio
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conditions and inc
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3.3 Balancing Protection an
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of the National Scenic Area List <s
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“nine arms” ( the Tashi Duo Pen
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Table 1: Rangeland
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pastoralists in the surrounding are
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Source: Bureau of Statistics Damxun
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of family income, and</stro
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get their supplies from a fixed who
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Photo 2: Prayer flags hanging r<str
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for the introduction and</s
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to control the overload of livestoc
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partnership. This approach in our v
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Source: adapted from ICIMOD 2009 Fi
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Year Total By Air By Land</
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2.1 Purpose of visit Nepal offers s
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natural and cultur
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(TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Associ
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3 Mountain Pastoralism</str
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Lakes just a few kilometers distant
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Fielding, E., Isacks, B., Barazangi
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4 Niche Production as an Additional
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further accelerating ecosystem degr
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5 Pastoralism-base
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Photo 2: Podophyllum hexand
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Photo 5: Dactylorhiza hatagirea; a
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5.6 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Ben
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information on value chains, build
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nonetheless to ensure that appropri
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Bhattarai, N. and
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Table 1: Rangeland
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Botanical name and
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Plant species and
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permit. Fourth, we should strengthe
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Source: Winkler, D. 2008, 2010 Figu
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Photo 2: Trading of collected Cordy
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Farmers and herdsm
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5.3 Social problems caused by explo
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Jiang Yi, Yao Yijian 2004: An Overv
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level for making different homestea
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Photo 1: Shepherd returning with hi
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50-200 culled buffalos are slaughte
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complementary to the surplus availa
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for celebratory and</strong
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Wool is sheared three times a year
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2.2.9 The Community Wool Enterprise
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In the mountain areas of Northern P
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are exported in crude form i.e. in
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3.4 Eco-tourism Products The mounta
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Ehlers, E. and H.
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5 Pastoral Practices and</s
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and entrepreneursh
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to 4500-5300 m in altitudes where c
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pastures in summer from winter camp
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 208 Detached mou
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 210 Agro-pastora
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The renaissance of modernisation th
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Table 1: Initial Chinese reforms af
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Restore Pastures to Grass (tuimu hu
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4 Resettlement Programmes The above
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5 Future Prospects for pastoral Pra
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Benson, L. and Sva
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Tashi, Y., Chamard, P. C., Courel,
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has been put forward. The governmen
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Revolution, here, refers to the lif
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Table 2: Differentiation between ri
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Page 235 and 236: Photo 1: Oat hay from Qumei Town, S
Page 237 and 238: Photo 3: Storing oat hay for market
Page 239 and 240: poverty and ecolog
Page 241 and 242: The average annual incomes of herde
Page 243 and 244: Source: Cui et al. 2011 Figure 1: L
Page 245 and 246: 3.3 Culture and ed
Page 247 and 248: formed the main basis of the total
Page 249 and 250: source of income for agro-pastoral
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Page 253 and 254: Plateau. There were 2.27 million an
Page 255 and 256: 254 Improving education Migration &
Page 257 and 258: 5.4 Recent Changes in Pastoral Syst
Page 259 and 260: Figure 1: Gorno-Badakhshan - Pastur
Page 261 and 262: �� Major owners keep their anim
Page 263 and 264: Only insignificant cultivation area
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Page 267 and 268: 1 Main Achievements and</st
Page 269 and 270: 4. The emergence of industrial <str
Page 271 and 272: 1.2 Main practices and</str
Page 273 and 274: 4. Taking advantage of local resour
Page 275 and 276: much improved, the ecological envir
Page 277 and 278: shall promote the intensive use of
Page 279 and 280: education of farmers and</s
Page 281 and 282: emphasis on introduction an
Page 283: angelands in their
Page 287 and 288: 8 Recommendations formulated by the
Page 289 and 290: Monitoring �� Improve instituti
Page 291 and 292: Photo 1: The Tibetan Plateau a chal
Page 293 and 294: Photo 2: Yak-breeding in Linzhou Co
Page 295 and 296: 4. The way forward and</str
Page 297 and 298: 10 Annexes 10.1 Conference
Page 299 and 300: 12:00 Production and</stron
Page 301 and 302: 10.2 List of Participants PR of Chi
Page 303 and 304: PR of China Ms. Qin Ai Qiong Resear
Page 305 and 306: PR of China Mr. Yundan Deputy Direc
Page 307 and 308: Nepal Mr. Mainali, Gopi Nath Joint
Page 309 and 310: International Participants Dr. Kark
Page 311 and 312: Imprint Publisher: Deutsche Gesells
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