Pastoralism and Rangeland Management on the Tibetan Plateau in ...

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in turn impacts the pastures through over <strong>and</strong> less uniform grazing. Third, the fee extracted through livestock market is spent in town with no pay back to the livestock sector. In most of the livestock markets, even no watering, loading/unloading <strong>and</strong> shade facilities are made available. The wool processing is still through traditional ways <strong>and</strong> the introduction of mutton sheep breeds is threatening the survival of woollen h<strong>and</strong>icrafts. The unsustainable harvest of medicinal <strong>and</strong> aromatics plants from wild have brought many species to the endangered list. The mining of gemstones <strong>and</strong> precious metal are providing alternative occupations, however, the absence of regulation to mitigate the negative environmental impacts are making such excavations hazardous. Livestock <strong>and</strong> its products are the main pastoral output in HKH Mountains of Northern Pakistan <strong>and</strong> can be a vehicle to support the sustainable uplift of the communities. Reducing market biases in live animal marketing may contribute to sustainable use of pastures. The promotion of wool processing <strong>and</strong> value addition to the woollen h<strong>and</strong>icrafts in some areas has promising results <strong>and</strong> need extension to other areas as well. The medicinal <strong>and</strong> aromatic need identification of thresholds for sustainable <strong>and</strong> regulated harvest from the wild is important pre-requisite to maintain biodiversity. The gemstone excavation similarly needs regulations for rehabilitating the degraded sites after excavation. The conservation of wild ungulates through communities for trophy hunting <strong>and</strong> eco-tourism are the other proven areas for diversifying income opportunities for pastoral communities <strong>and</strong> improving their livelihood. References AKRSP 2008: An Assessment of Socio Economic Trends in Gilgit Baltistan <strong>and</strong> Chitral, AKRSP Gilgit. AKRSP 2010: Meat Production <strong>and</strong> Marketing Project Business Plan, AKRSP Enterprise Section, Gilgit Baquar, S. R 2001: Textbook of Economic Botany (1st Edition). Lahore Beg, Ghulam A. 2010: Current Status of <strong>Pastoralism</strong> in Gilgit-Baltistan <strong>and</strong> Chitral, paper presented at regional workshop on pastoralism <strong>and</strong> rangel<strong>and</strong> management under conditions of Global <strong>and</strong> Climate Change Conditions, Khorog, Tajikistan, 14–22 July 2010 Cacopardo, A. M. <strong>and</strong> Cacopardo, A. S. 2001: Gates of Paristan: History, Religion <strong>and</strong> Society in the Hindu Kush. Istituto Italiano Per L’ Oriente, Centro Scavi E Ricerche Archeologiche. (= Reports <strong>and</strong> Memoirs Volume V). Rome 197 > > > 4. Niche Production as an Additional Asset for <strong>Pastoralism</strong> <strong>and</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong> <strong>Management</strong>
Ehlers, E. <strong>and</strong> H. Kreutzmann 2000: High Mountain <strong>Pastoralism</strong> in Northern Pakistan. Edited by Eckart Ehlers <strong>and</strong> Hermann Kreutzmann. Stuttgart (= Erdkundliches Wissen 132) Girach, R. D., Khan, H. <strong>and</strong> M. Ahmad 2003: Botanical identification of Thuhar, seldom used as unani medicine. In: Hamdard Medicus 46 (1): 27–33 Hussain, Yasir 2009: Tourism development strategies for Northern Areas of Pakistan. In: Kreutzmann, H. et al. (eds.): Proceedings of the regional workshop on integrated tourism concepts to contribute to sustainable development in mountain regions. Gilgit/Pakistan – Kashgar/PR China, Oct 8–14, 2008. Feldafing: 78–98 Hussain, I. 2004: A research report on availability <strong>and</strong> marketing of medicinal plants. Market Development Section, Aga Khan Rural Support Programme Gilgit. Hussain, F. <strong>and</strong> H. Sher 2001: Where have all wild medicinal plants diversity gone? In: Udyana Today. A quarterly publication of Environmental Protection Society, Swat 8 (1): 5–8 IUCN 2007: Sustainable management of Chilghoza Pine Nuts in Hudur Valley, Diamer District, Northern Areas. Project document Kreutzmann, H. 2005: Pastoral practices <strong>and</strong> their transformation in the North-Western Karakoram. In: Nomadic Peoples 8 (2): 54–88 McCorkle, C. M. 1992: Plants, Animal <strong>and</strong> People – Agropastoral Systems Research (1st Edition). Boulder, Colorado Rahim, I. 2004: Research <strong>and</strong> Development relating to Medicinal Plants (Collection, review, analysis <strong>and</strong> future guidelines for IPRP) Workshop report (= http://hujra.org/gfx/usr/File/ResearchMP.pdf, accessed October 9, 2010) Rahim, I. <strong>and</strong> A. Viaro (eds.) 2002: Swat: An Afghan Society in Northern Pakistan. Karachi Rasool, Ghulam 1998: Study of Medicinal Plants of Northern Area. BASDO, Gilgit (unpublished) Rupani Foundation 2008: An Assessment of the outcomes of Gems Cutting <strong>and</strong> Polishing projects in Northern Areas <strong>and</strong> Chitral. Rupani Foundation Gilgit draft Report, June 2008. Singh, M. P., J. L. Srivastava <strong>and</strong> S. N. P<strong>and</strong>ey 2003: Indigenous Medicinal Plants, Social Forestry <strong>and</strong> Tribals. New Delhi 198
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Bonn 2011 21-25 October 2010 Region
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Contents Preface ..................
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5.3 Socio-economic Changes in Pasto
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planning and imple
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agricultural base for niche plateau
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Welcome Address by Madhav Karki, IC
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Welcome Address by Jürgen Richter,
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training and have
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Welcome Speech by Ding Ye Xian, Vic
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efforts and streng
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LRMP Land Resource
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Source: Qi Xuebin 2004 The distribu
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In addition, these formulated objec
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ditional resources that play a grow
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1 Introduction On the 18th of Janua
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the headwater areas of the Yellow R
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southern mountainous region of TAR,
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Dai, Y. Y. 2010: 2.5 billion RMB Yu
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2.2 Building the Eco-Shelter of the
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Photo 1: The water towers of humank
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Tibet’s numerous glaciers, lakes,
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Second, to earnestly carry out the
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Figure 2: Map of prefectures within
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Farmers and herdsm
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tems in Tibet, we should establish
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2.3 The Impact of Rangeland
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2 Overview of Pastures in Xinjiang
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Table 1: The coverage of different
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of the land but fe
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Table 2: Various service function v
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thousand hectares
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(2) Rangeland rest
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forage, the problem of serious wint
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3 Eco-tourism and
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1 Rangelands as na
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Holistically valuing a complex syst
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This multi-functional nature of the
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farming landscapes
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lages started in late 1990s. Before
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78 local communities must be able t
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4.2 From “protection or conservat
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82 4. Recreational venues/ tourism
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6 Conclusions Rangeland</st
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Statistics Bureau of Tibet 2010: Bu
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Photo 1: Landscape
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weather is becoming less predictabl
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3.2 Is Cow Dung used for Fuel reall
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some 20-30 tea-house trekking touri
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contributed largely by the native p
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The NTNC-ACAP with the collaboratio
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conditions and inc
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3.3 Balancing Protection an
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of the National Scenic Area List <s
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“nine arms” ( the Tashi Duo Pen
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Table 1: Rangeland
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pastoralists in the surrounding are
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Source: Bureau of Statistics Damxun
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of family income, and</stro
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get their supplies from a fixed who
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Photo 2: Prayer flags hanging r<str
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for the introduction and</s
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to control the overload of livestoc
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partnership. This approach in our v
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Source: adapted from ICIMOD 2009 Fi
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Year Total By Air By Land</
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2.1 Purpose of visit Nepal offers s
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natural and cultur
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(TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Associ
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3 Mountain Pastoralism</str
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Lakes just a few kilometers distant
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Fielding, E., Isacks, B., Barazangi
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4 Niche Production as an Additional
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further accelerating ecosystem degr
Page 147 and 148: 5 Pastoralism-base
Page 149 and 150: Photo 2: Podophyllum hexand
Page 151 and 152: Photo 5: Dactylorhiza hatagirea; a
Page 153 and 154: 5.6 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Ben
Page 155 and 156: information on value chains, build
Page 157 and 158: nonetheless to ensure that appropri
Page 159 and 160: Bhattarai, N. and
Page 161 and 162: Table 1: Rangeland
Page 163 and 164: Botanical name and
Page 165 and 166: Plant species and
Page 167 and 168: permit. Fourth, we should strengthe
Page 169 and 170: Source: Winkler, D. 2008, 2010 Figu
Page 171 and 172: Photo 2: Trading of collected Cordy
Page 173 and 174: Farmers and herdsm
Page 175 and 176: 5.3 Social problems caused by explo
Page 177 and 178: Jiang Yi, Yao Yijian 2004: An Overv
Page 179 and 180: level for making different homestea
Page 181 and 182: Photo 1: Shepherd returning with hi
Page 183 and 184: 50-200 culled buffalos are slaughte
Page 185 and 186: complementary to the surplus availa
Page 187 and 188: for celebratory and</strong
Page 189 and 190: Wool is sheared three times a year
Page 191 and 192: 2.2.9 The Community Wool Enterprise
Page 193 and 194: In the mountain areas of Northern P
Page 195 and 196: are exported in crude form i.e. in
Page 197: 3.4 Eco-tourism Products The mounta
Page 201 and 202: 5 Pastoral Practices and</s
Page 203 and 204: and entrepreneursh
Page 205 and 206: to 4500-5300 m in altitudes where c
Page 207 and 208: pastures in summer from winter camp
Page 209 and 210: 5000 (m) 4000 3000 208 Detached mou
Page 211 and 212: 5000 (m) 4000 3000 210 Agro-pastora
Page 213 and 214: The renaissance of modernisation th
Page 215 and 216: Table 1: Initial Chinese reforms af
Page 217 and 218: Restore Pastures to Grass (tuimu hu
Page 219 and 220: 4 Resettlement Programmes The above
Page 221 and 222: 5 Future Prospects for pastoral Pra
Page 223 and 224: Benson, L. and Sva
Page 225 and 226: Tashi, Y., Chamard, P. C., Courel,
Page 227 and 228: has been put forward. The governmen
Page 229 and 230: Revolution, here, refers to the lif
Page 231 and 232: Table 2: Differentiation between ri
Page 233 and 234: angeland managemen
Page 235 and 236: Photo 1: Oat hay from Qumei Town, S
Page 237 and 238: Photo 3: Storing oat hay for market
Page 239 and 240: poverty and ecolog
Page 241 and 242: The average annual incomes of herde
Page 243 and 244: Source: Cui et al. 2011 Figure 1: L
Page 245 and 246: 3.3 Culture and ed
Page 247 and 248: formed the main basis of the total
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source of income for agro-pastoral
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��
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Plateau. There were 2.27 million an
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254 Improving education Migration &
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5.4 Recent Changes in Pastoral Syst
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Figure 1: Gorno-Badakhshan - Pastur
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�� Major owners keep their anim
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Only insignificant cultivation area
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of providing animals with seasonal-
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1 Main Achievements and</st
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4. The emergence of industrial <str
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1.2 Main practices and</str
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4. Taking advantage of local resour
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much improved, the ecological envir
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shall promote the intensive use of
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education of farmers and</s
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emphasis on introduction an
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angelands in their
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7.2 Summary of Group Discussion 7.2
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8 Recommendations formulated by the
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Monitoring �� Improve instituti
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Photo 1: The Tibetan Plateau a chal
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Photo 2: Yak-breeding in Linzhou Co
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4. The way forward and</str
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10 Annexes 10.1 Conference
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12:00 Production and</stron
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10.2 List of Participants PR of Chi
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PR of China Ms. Qin Ai Qiong Resear
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PR of China Mr. Yundan Deputy Direc
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Nepal Mr. Mainali, Gopi Nath Joint
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International Participants Dr. Kark
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Imprint Publisher: Deutsche Gesells
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