Pastoralism and Rangeland Management on the Tibetan Plateau in ...

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expertise, <strong>and</strong> community-based enterprises <strong>and</strong> small businesses to equitably integrate small-scale producers <strong>and</strong> service providers into the value chain. Conclusion <strong>and</strong> recommendations: This paper has analysed various constraints <strong>and</strong> opportunities that exist in Tibetan pastoralism. The overriding conclusion is that Tibetan pastoralism is undergoing transformation <strong>and</strong> diversification while maintaining traditional <strong>and</strong> cultural values <strong>and</strong> systems seem to be a clear trend. Therefore the authors recommend the following actions for improving the changes already happening with a view that these changes are dynamic <strong>and</strong> adaptive to rapid climatic <strong>and</strong> socio-economic changes: a) raising awareness through different formal <strong>and</strong> informal education means; b) skill development in sustainable harvesting as well as grazing management; c) production of organic <strong>and</strong> sustainably managed niche products; d) integration of agricultural <strong>and</strong> pastoral livelihoods with off-farm activities through value-chain development of major niche products that have high value capturing potential. e) improvement of degraded pasture l<strong>and</strong>s to enhance productivity of niche products <strong>and</strong> services; f) conservation through sustainable-use oriented policy <strong>and</strong> legal reforms to implement integrated strategies of linking conservation of wild fauna <strong>and</strong> flora with sustainable pastoral production systems; <strong>and</strong> g) expansion of ecologically sensitive low-input high-return tourism, using pastoralists to provide services, particularly through their indigenous knowledge <strong>and</strong> improved local production practices. References Bhattarai, N. 2007: Present scenario <strong>and</strong> future potentials of fruit <strong>and</strong> herb trade between Nepal <strong>and</strong> Tibet. In: Kreutzmann, H., G. A. Beg <strong>and</strong> J. Richter (eds.), Experiences with <strong>and</strong> prospects for Regional Exchange <strong>and</strong> Cooperation in Mountain Areas. InWEnt, Capacity Building International Germany/Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation <strong>and</strong> Development, Germany: 282–292 Bhattarai, N. 2010: Status of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis) in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Countries. In: Chinese Journal of Grassl<strong>and</strong> 32: 133–142 Bhattarai, N. <strong>and</strong> Karki, M. 2004a: Medicinal <strong>and</strong> Aromatic Plants – Ethnobotany <strong>and</strong> Conservation Status. In: J. Burley, J. Evans <strong>and</strong> J. Youngquist (eds.): Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences. Academic Press, London, UK: 523–532 157 > > > 4. Niche Production as an Additional Asset for <strong>Pastoralism</strong> <strong>and</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong> <strong>Management</strong>
Bhattarai, N. <strong>and</strong> Karki, M. 2010: Medicinal <strong>and</strong> other useful plants <strong>and</strong> sustainable development in the Asia Pacific region: Present scenario, challenges <strong>and</strong> way forward. In: Asia-Pacific Mountain Courier 11(1): 1–6 Bhattarai, N. K. 1991: Ethnobotanical studies in central Nepal: the preservation of plant-foods. Contribution to Nepalese Studies 18(2): 211–221 Bhattarai, N. K. <strong>and</strong> Croucher, J. 1996: The viability of local commercialization of non-timber forest products as a strategy for promoting biodiversity conservation. In: P. K. Jha, G. P. S. Ghimire, S. B. Karmacharya, S. R. Baral <strong>and</strong> P. Lacoul (eds.): Environment <strong>and</strong> Biodiversity in the Context of South Asia. Ecological Society, Kathm<strong>and</strong>u, Nepal: 346–353 Bhattarai, N. K. <strong>and</strong> Karki, M. B. 2004b: Conservation <strong>and</strong> <strong>Management</strong> of Himalayan Medicinal plants in Nepal. In: E. M. Donoghue, G. L. Benson <strong>and</strong> J. L. Chamberlain (eds.): Sustainable Production of Wood <strong>and</strong> Non-wood Forest Products. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portl<strong>and</strong>, Oregon, USA: 45–50 Bhattarai, N. K. <strong>and</strong> Olsen, C. S. 2000: Towards a generic framework for investigating national importance of medicinal plant trade. In: S. M. Amatya (ed.): Proceedings of the third regional workshop on community based NTFP management, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal: 336–348 Chhetri, R. 2010: Employment generation <strong>and</strong> economic up-scaling from collection <strong>and</strong> trade of Ophiocordyceps in Nepal. District Forest Office, Dunai, Dolpa, Nepal Department of Forest Research <strong>and</strong> Survey (DFRS) 1999: Forest Resources of Nepal (1987–1998). Forest Resource Information System project, Publication No. 74, Department of Forest Research <strong>and</strong> Survey, Kathm<strong>and</strong>u, Nepal Dobremez, J. F. 1996: Foreword. In: P. K. Jha; G. P. S. Ghimire; S. B. Karmacharya; S. R. Baral; P. Lacoul (eds.): Environment <strong>and</strong> biodiversity in the context of South Asia. Ecological Society, Kathm<strong>and</strong>u, Nepal: i–iii Hermans, C. <strong>and</strong> Verejken, P. 1995: Grazing animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry based on sustainable nutrient management. Agriculture Ecosystems <strong>and</strong> <strong>Management</strong> 52: 213–222 158
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Bonn 2011 21-25 October 2010 Region
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Contents Preface ..................
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5.3 Socio-economic Changes in Pasto
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planning and imple
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agricultural base for niche plateau
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Welcome Address by Madhav Karki, IC
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Welcome Address by Jürgen Richter,
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training and have
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Welcome Speech by Ding Ye Xian, Vic
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efforts and streng
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LRMP Land Resource
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Source: Qi Xuebin 2004 The distribu
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In addition, these formulated objec
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ditional resources that play a grow
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1 Introduction On the 18th of Janua
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the headwater areas of the Yellow R
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southern mountainous region of TAR,
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Dai, Y. Y. 2010: 2.5 billion RMB Yu
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2.2 Building the Eco-Shelter of the
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Photo 1: The water towers of humank
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Tibet’s numerous glaciers, lakes,
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Second, to earnestly carry out the
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Figure 2: Map of prefectures within
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Farmers and herdsm
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tems in Tibet, we should establish
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2.3 The Impact of Rangeland
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2 Overview of Pastures in Xinjiang
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Table 1: The coverage of different
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of the land but fe
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Table 2: Various service function v
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thousand hectares
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(2) Rangeland rest
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forage, the problem of serious wint
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3 Eco-tourism and
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1 Rangelands as na
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Holistically valuing a complex syst
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This multi-functional nature of the
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farming landscapes
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lages started in late 1990s. Before
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78 local communities must be able t
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4.2 From “protection or conservat
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82 4. Recreational venues/ tourism
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6 Conclusions Rangeland</st
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Statistics Bureau of Tibet 2010: Bu
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Photo 1: Landscape
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weather is becoming less predictabl
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3.2 Is Cow Dung used for Fuel reall
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some 20-30 tea-house trekking touri
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contributed largely by the native p
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The NTNC-ACAP with the collaboratio
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conditions and inc
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3.3 Balancing Protection an
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of the National Scenic Area List <s
Page 107 and 108: “nine arms” ( the Tashi Duo Pen
Page 109 and 110: Table 1: Rangeland
Page 111 and 112: pastoralists in the surrounding are
Page 113 and 114: Source: Bureau of Statistics Damxun
Page 115 and 116: of family income, and</stro
Page 117 and 118: get their supplies from a fixed who
Page 119 and 120: Photo 2: Prayer flags hanging r<str
Page 121 and 122: for the introduction and</s
Page 123 and 124: to control the overload of livestoc
Page 125 and 126: partnership. This approach in our v
Page 127 and 128: Source: adapted from ICIMOD 2009 Fi
Page 129 and 130: Year Total By Air By Land</
Page 131 and 132: 2.1 Purpose of visit Nepal offers s
Page 133 and 134: natural and cultur
Page 135 and 136: (TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Associ
Page 137 and 138: 3 Mountain Pastoralism</str
Page 139 and 140: Lakes just a few kilometers distant
Page 141 and 142: Fielding, E., Isacks, B., Barazangi
Page 143 and 144: 4 Niche Production as an Additional
Page 145 and 146: further accelerating ecosystem degr
Page 147 and 148: 5 Pastoralism-base
Page 149 and 150: Photo 2: Podophyllum hexand
Page 151 and 152: Photo 5: Dactylorhiza hatagirea; a
Page 153 and 154: 5.6 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Ben
Page 155 and 156: information on value chains, build
Page 157: nonetheless to ensure that appropri
Page 161 and 162: Table 1: Rangeland
Page 163 and 164: Botanical name and
Page 165 and 166: Plant species and
Page 167 and 168: permit. Fourth, we should strengthe
Page 169 and 170: Source: Winkler, D. 2008, 2010 Figu
Page 171 and 172: Photo 2: Trading of collected Cordy
Page 173 and 174: Farmers and herdsm
Page 175 and 176: 5.3 Social problems caused by explo
Page 177 and 178: Jiang Yi, Yao Yijian 2004: An Overv
Page 179 and 180: level for making different homestea
Page 181 and 182: Photo 1: Shepherd returning with hi
Page 183 and 184: 50-200 culled buffalos are slaughte
Page 185 and 186: complementary to the surplus availa
Page 187 and 188: for celebratory and</strong
Page 189 and 190: Wool is sheared three times a year
Page 191 and 192: 2.2.9 The Community Wool Enterprise
Page 193 and 194: In the mountain areas of Northern P
Page 195 and 196: are exported in crude form i.e. in
Page 197 and 198: 3.4 Eco-tourism Products The mounta
Page 199 and 200: Ehlers, E. and H.
Page 201 and 202: 5 Pastoral Practices and</s
Page 203 and 204: and entrepreneursh
Page 205 and 206: to 4500-5300 m in altitudes where c
Page 207 and 208: pastures in summer from winter camp
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 208 Detached mou
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 210 Agro-pastora
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The renaissance of modernisation th
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Table 1: Initial Chinese reforms af
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Restore Pastures to Grass (tuimu hu
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4 Resettlement Programmes The above
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5 Future Prospects for pastoral Pra
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Benson, L. and Sva
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Tashi, Y., Chamard, P. C., Courel,
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has been put forward. The governmen
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Revolution, here, refers to the lif
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Table 2: Differentiation between ri
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angeland managemen
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Photo 1: Oat hay from Qumei Town, S
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Photo 3: Storing oat hay for market
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poverty and ecolog
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The average annual incomes of herde
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Source: Cui et al. 2011 Figure 1: L
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3.3 Culture and ed
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formed the main basis of the total
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source of income for agro-pastoral
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��
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Plateau. There were 2.27 million an
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254 Improving education Migration &
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5.4 Recent Changes in Pastoral Syst
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Figure 1: Gorno-Badakhshan - Pastur
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�� Major owners keep their anim
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Only insignificant cultivation area
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of providing animals with seasonal-
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1 Main Achievements and</st
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4. The emergence of industrial <str
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1.2 Main practices and</str
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4. Taking advantage of local resour
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much improved, the ecological envir
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shall promote the intensive use of
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education of farmers and</s
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emphasis on introduction an
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angelands in their
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7.2 Summary of Group Discussion 7.2
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8 Recommendations formulated by the
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Monitoring �� Improve instituti
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Photo 1: The Tibetan Plateau a chal
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Photo 2: Yak-breeding in Linzhou Co
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4. The way forward and</str
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10 Annexes 10.1 Conference
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12:00 Production and</stron
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10.2 List of Participants PR of Chi
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PR of China Ms. Qin Ai Qiong Resear
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PR of China Mr. Yundan Deputy Direc
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Nepal Mr. Mainali, Gopi Nath Joint
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International Participants Dr. Kark
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Imprint Publisher: Deutsche Gesells
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