Pastoralism and Rangeland Management on the Tibetan Plateau in ...

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Let me emphasize four points in order to summarize the findings <strong>and</strong> course of this workshop 1. State of the art. In the initial stage of the workshop the concept of eco-shelter was introduced. It highlighted the significant set of measures <strong>and</strong> packages that have been undertaken within this policy framework. For the participants from neighbouring regions it has been an eye-opening experience to note the substantial level of investments allocated for the implementation of the eco-shelter concept. Immediately the question came up whether ecology stops at national boundaries or whether a trans-boundary effort is required in a globalised world. The second aspect was highlighted in a keynote address focused on broadening the perspective on pastoralism <strong>and</strong> rangel<strong>and</strong> management by analysing its relationship to eco-tourism <strong>and</strong> nature protection. Here the potentials were explored that could be developed for widening the livelihood options. Similarly the potentials for niche production were elaborated on. Here we experienced quite a diverse set of frame conditions. On the one h<strong>and</strong>, there are valuable niche resources that can be utilised, incorporating the spatial expertise <strong>and</strong> unique knowledge about useful plants, fungi <strong>and</strong> minerals by pastoralists. On the other h<strong>and</strong>, the marketing of these valuable goods along established value chains might attribute only a secondary role to them when it comes to sharing the profit. Consequently there is ample scope for improvements in linking goods from the pastoralists’ realm with affluent consumer markets. From an analytical perspective, pastoral practices needed to be categorised in space <strong>and</strong> time. As a result the significant transformations that are linked to external interventions <strong>and</strong> socio-political changes could be put into a development perspective. The goals of interventions <strong>and</strong> modernisation have significantly changed pastoral practices that in themselves are an indicator for transformation <strong>and</strong> modernisation packages. The interrelationship of agriculture <strong>and</strong> animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry was explicitly highlighted in the presentation by Director Wang. The role of both sectors, their complementarities <strong>and</strong> strategic interlinkages to enhance production potential have resulted in a number of practical measures that still bear additional potential <strong>and</strong> can be instrumental for the cause of poverty alleviation. 291 > > > 9. Summary of Workshop <strong>and</strong> Closing Remarks
Photo 2: Yak-breeding in Linzhou County, Tibet (photograph © Hermann Kreutzmann September 6, 2000) 2. Sharing experiences. The general picture <strong>and</strong> the basic challenges <strong>and</strong> constraints were illuminated <strong>and</strong> exemplified in the presentation of case studies. Here the expertise from InWEnt’s mountain development programme area was introduced. The number of case studies illustrated the diversity <strong>and</strong> different experiences that could be shared among scientists, practitioners <strong>and</strong> policy makers. From the expertise of representatives of the respective institutions in China <strong>and</strong> Nepal as well as from Pakistan <strong>and</strong> Tajikistan it became more obvious that the synergies generated by this programme are embedded in people who create a community of knowledge sharing. The case studies ranged from the impact of the eco-shelter concept on the Tibetan Plateau <strong>and</strong> Xinjiang to experiences with eco-tourism implementation in Nepal to the marketing constraints for niche products in Tibet <strong>and</strong> Pakistan. The insight into the transformation of pastoral practices in Tajikistan was a good example for a different coping strategy that nevertheless is, in itself, path-dependent development. In contrast to these experiences, Prof. Long provided us with material based on socio-economic indicators that clarifies the changes in pastoral systems on the Tibetan Plateau. Real-life experience was gathered during the field trip to Lake Nam Tso in Dangxiong County. The nexus between pastoralism <strong>and</strong> eco-tourism became obvious <strong>and</strong> was augmented by Prof. Guge’s presentation, in which he provided information on the growth of tourism in Nam Tso lake area <strong>and</strong> ideas about the management of tourism there. 292
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Bonn 2011 21-25 October 2010 Region
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Contents Preface ..................
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5.3 Socio-economic Changes in Pasto
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planning and imple
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agricultural base for niche plateau
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Welcome Address by Madhav Karki, IC
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Welcome Address by Jürgen Richter,
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training and have
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Welcome Speech by Ding Ye Xian, Vic
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efforts and streng
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LRMP Land Resource
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Source: Qi Xuebin 2004 The distribu
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In addition, these formulated objec
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ditional resources that play a grow
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1 Introduction On the 18th of Janua
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the headwater areas of the Yellow R
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southern mountainous region of TAR,
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Dai, Y. Y. 2010: 2.5 billion RMB Yu
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2.2 Building the Eco-Shelter of the
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Photo 1: The water towers of humank
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Tibet’s numerous glaciers, lakes,
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Second, to earnestly carry out the
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Figure 2: Map of prefectures within
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Farmers and herdsm
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tems in Tibet, we should establish
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2.3 The Impact of Rangeland
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2 Overview of Pastures in Xinjiang
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Table 1: The coverage of different
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of the land but fe
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Table 2: Various service function v
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thousand hectares
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(2) Rangeland rest
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forage, the problem of serious wint
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3 Eco-tourism and
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1 Rangelands as na
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Holistically valuing a complex syst
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This multi-functional nature of the
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farming landscapes
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lages started in late 1990s. Before
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78 local communities must be able t
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4.2 From “protection or conservat
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82 4. Recreational venues/ tourism
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6 Conclusions Rangeland</st
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Statistics Bureau of Tibet 2010: Bu
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Photo 1: Landscape
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weather is becoming less predictabl
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3.2 Is Cow Dung used for Fuel reall
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some 20-30 tea-house trekking touri
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contributed largely by the native p
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The NTNC-ACAP with the collaboratio
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conditions and inc
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3.3 Balancing Protection an
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of the National Scenic Area List <s
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“nine arms” ( the Tashi Duo Pen
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Table 1: Rangeland
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pastoralists in the surrounding are
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Source: Bureau of Statistics Damxun
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of family income, and</stro
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get their supplies from a fixed who
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Photo 2: Prayer flags hanging r<str
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for the introduction and</s
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to control the overload of livestoc
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partnership. This approach in our v
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Source: adapted from ICIMOD 2009 Fi
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Year Total By Air By Land</
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2.1 Purpose of visit Nepal offers s
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natural and cultur
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(TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Associ
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3 Mountain Pastoralism</str
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Lakes just a few kilometers distant
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Fielding, E., Isacks, B., Barazangi
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4 Niche Production as an Additional
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further accelerating ecosystem degr
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5 Pastoralism-base
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Photo 2: Podophyllum hexand
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Photo 5: Dactylorhiza hatagirea; a
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5.6 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Ben
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information on value chains, build
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nonetheless to ensure that appropri
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Bhattarai, N. and
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Table 1: Rangeland
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Botanical name and
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Plant species and
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permit. Fourth, we should strengthe
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Source: Winkler, D. 2008, 2010 Figu
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Photo 2: Trading of collected Cordy
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Farmers and herdsm
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5.3 Social problems caused by explo
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Jiang Yi, Yao Yijian 2004: An Overv
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level for making different homestea
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Photo 1: Shepherd returning with hi
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50-200 culled buffalos are slaughte
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complementary to the surplus availa
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for celebratory and</strong
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Wool is sheared three times a year
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2.2.9 The Community Wool Enterprise
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In the mountain areas of Northern P
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are exported in crude form i.e. in
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3.4 Eco-tourism Products The mounta
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Ehlers, E. and H.
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5 Pastoral Practices and</s
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and entrepreneursh
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to 4500-5300 m in altitudes where c
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pastures in summer from winter camp
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 208 Detached mou
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 210 Agro-pastora
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The renaissance of modernisation th
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Table 1: Initial Chinese reforms af
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Restore Pastures to Grass (tuimu hu
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4 Resettlement Programmes The above
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5 Future Prospects for pastoral Pra
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Benson, L. and Sva
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Tashi, Y., Chamard, P. C., Courel,
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has been put forward. The governmen
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Revolution, here, refers to the lif
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Table 2: Differentiation between ri
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angeland managemen
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Photo 1: Oat hay from Qumei Town, S
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Photo 3: Storing oat hay for market
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poverty and ecolog
Page 241 and 242: The average annual incomes of herde
Page 243 and 244: Source: Cui et al. 2011 Figure 1: L
Page 245 and 246: 3.3 Culture and ed
Page 247 and 248: formed the main basis of the total
Page 249 and 250: source of income for agro-pastoral
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Page 253 and 254: Plateau. There were 2.27 million an
Page 255 and 256: 254 Improving education Migration &
Page 257 and 258: 5.4 Recent Changes in Pastoral Syst
Page 259 and 260: Figure 1: Gorno-Badakhshan - Pastur
Page 261 and 262: �� Major owners keep their anim
Page 263 and 264: Only insignificant cultivation area
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Page 267 and 268: 1 Main Achievements and</st
Page 269 and 270: 4. The emergence of industrial <str
Page 271 and 272: 1.2 Main practices and</str
Page 273 and 274: 4. Taking advantage of local resour
Page 275 and 276: much improved, the ecological envir
Page 277 and 278: shall promote the intensive use of
Page 279 and 280: education of farmers and</s
Page 281 and 282: emphasis on introduction an
Page 283 and 284: angelands in their
Page 285 and 286: 7.2 Summary of Group Discussion 7.2
Page 287 and 288: 8 Recommendations formulated by the
Page 289 and 290: Monitoring �� Improve instituti
Page 291: Photo 1: The Tibetan Plateau a chal
Page 295 and 296: 4. The way forward and</str
Page 297 and 298: 10 Annexes 10.1 Conference
Page 299 and 300: 12:00 Production and</stron
Page 301 and 302: 10.2 List of Participants PR of Chi
Page 303 and 304: PR of China Ms. Qin Ai Qiong Resear
Page 305 and 306: PR of China Mr. Yundan Deputy Direc
Page 307 and 308: Nepal Mr. Mainali, Gopi Nath Joint
Page 309 and 310: International Participants Dr. Kark
Page 311 and 312: Imprint Publisher: Deutsche Gesells
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