Pastoralism and Rangeland Management on the Tibetan Plateau in ...

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Photo 1: Yurt camp near Kulma Pass (4363 m) with rangel<strong>and</strong>s at the foot of Mount Muztagata, Western Kun Lun Shan (photograph © Hermann Kreutzmann October 15, 2008) Topographically, natural rangel<strong>and</strong>s in Xinjiang can be divided into mountain rangel<strong>and</strong>, plain rangel<strong>and</strong> or desert rangel<strong>and</strong>. In Xinjiang, 33.2 million hectares are mountain rangel<strong>and</strong>, accounting for 58 % of the total in the region; 19.4 million hectares are plain rangel<strong>and</strong>, accounting for 34 % <strong>and</strong> 4.6 million hectares are desert rangel<strong>and</strong>, accounting for 8 % (Xu 1993). 53 > > > 2. Eco-Shelter Concept for the Tibetan Plateau
Table 1: The coverage of different rangel<strong>and</strong> categories in Xinjiang 54 Category Name Gross Coverage (million hecwtares) Net Coverage (million hectares) Fresh Grass Capacity (kg/ha) Temperate meadow steppe 1.17 1.09 37,215 Temperate steppe 4.80 4.42 16,275 Temperate desert steppe 6.30 5.81 9,975 Alpine steppe 4.33 3.86 7,665 Temperate steppe desert 4.42 3.57 8,565 Temperate desert 21.33 16.10 8,940 Alpine desert 1.12 0.80 2,550 Low-lying l<strong>and</strong> meadow 6.88 6.04 34,410 Mountain meadow 2.87 2.66 58,920 Alpine meadow 3.76 3.42 29,145 Marsh 0.27 0.24 66,450 Total 57.25 48.01 20,130 on average Source: Xu 1993: 205 2.2 Characteristics of rangel<strong>and</strong> 2.2.1 Rich <strong>and</strong> diverse resources Xinjiang has desert rangel<strong>and</strong>s in plains <strong>and</strong> a variety of well-developed <strong>and</strong> widely-distributed mountain rangel<strong>and</strong>s on slopes. From the plains to the mountains, l<strong>and</strong>forms, soil <strong>and</strong> climatic conditions vary greatly, <strong>and</strong> have thus given birth to various rangel<strong>and</strong> types, including: desert, pasture, meadow <strong>and</strong> marsh. Xinjiang has eleven of the nation’s 18 major categories of rangel<strong>and</strong>s, with 26.9 million hectares of temperate steppe desert, temperate desert <strong>and</strong> alpine desert rangel<strong>and</strong> that belong to the desert rangel<strong>and</strong>; 16.6 million hectares of temperate meadow pasture, temperate pasture, temperate desert pasture <strong>and</strong> alpine pasture that belong to the pasture rangel<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> 13.5 million hectares of temperate lowl<strong>and</strong> meadow, temperate mountain meadow <strong>and</strong> alpine meadow that belong to the meadow rangel<strong>and</strong>. The combination of a
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Bonn 2011 21-25 October 2010 Region
Page 3 and 4: Contents Preface ..................
Page 5 and 6: 5.3 Socio-economic Changes in Pasto
Page 7 and 8: planning and imple
Page 9 and 10: agricultural base for niche plateau
Page 11 and 12: Welcome Address by Madhav Karki, IC
Page 13 and 14: Welcome Address by Jürgen Richter,
Page 15 and 16: training and have
Page 17 and 18: Welcome Speech by Ding Ye Xian, Vic
Page 19 and 20: efforts and streng
Page 21 and 22: LRMP Land Resource
Page 23 and 24: Source: Qi Xuebin 2004 The distribu
Page 25 and 26: In addition, these formulated objec
Page 27 and 28: ditional resources that play a grow
Page 29 and 30: 1 Introduction On the 18th of Janua
Page 31 and 32: the headwater areas of the Yellow R
Page 33 and 34: southern mountainous region of TAR,
Page 35 and 36: Dai, Y. Y. 2010: 2.5 billion RMB Yu
Page 37 and 38: 2.2 Building the Eco-Shelter of the
Page 39 and 40: Photo 1: The water towers of humank
Page 41 and 42: Tibet’s numerous glaciers, lakes,
Page 43 and 44: Second, to earnestly carry out the
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2: Map of prefectures within
Page 47 and 48: Farmers and herdsm
Page 49 and 50: tems in Tibet, we should establish
Page 51 and 52: 2.3 The Impact of Rangeland
Page 53: 2 Overview of Pastures in Xinjiang
Page 57 and 58: of the land but fe
Page 59 and 60: Table 2: Various service function v
Page 61 and 62: thousand hectares
Page 63 and 64: (2) Rangeland rest
Page 65 and 66: forage, the problem of serious wint
Page 67 and 68: 3 Eco-tourism and
Page 69 and 70: 1 Rangelands as na
Page 71 and 72: Holistically valuing a complex syst
Page 73 and 74: This multi-functional nature of the
Page 75 and 76: farming landscapes
Page 77 and 78: lages started in late 1990s. Before
Page 79 and 80: 78 local communities must be able t
Page 81 and 82: 4.2 From “protection or conservat
Page 83 and 84: 82 4. Recreational venues/ tourism
Page 85 and 86: 6 Conclusions Rangeland</st
Page 87 and 88: Statistics Bureau of Tibet 2010: Bu
Page 89 and 90: Photo 1: Landscape
Page 91 and 92: weather is becoming less predictabl
Page 93 and 94: 3.2 Is Cow Dung used for Fuel reall
Page 95 and 96: some 20-30 tea-house trekking touri
Page 97 and 98: contributed largely by the native p
Page 99 and 100: The NTNC-ACAP with the collaboratio
Page 101 and 102: conditions and inc
Page 103 and 104: 3.3 Balancing Protection an
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of the National Scenic Area List <s
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“nine arms” ( the Tashi Duo Pen
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Table 1: Rangeland
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pastoralists in the surrounding are
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Source: Bureau of Statistics Damxun
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of family income, and</stro
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get their supplies from a fixed who
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Photo 2: Prayer flags hanging r<str
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for the introduction and</s
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to control the overload of livestoc
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partnership. This approach in our v
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Source: adapted from ICIMOD 2009 Fi
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Year Total By Air By Land</
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2.1 Purpose of visit Nepal offers s
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natural and cultur
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(TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Associ
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3 Mountain Pastoralism</str
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Lakes just a few kilometers distant
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Fielding, E., Isacks, B., Barazangi
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4 Niche Production as an Additional
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further accelerating ecosystem degr
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5 Pastoralism-base
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Photo 2: Podophyllum hexand
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Photo 5: Dactylorhiza hatagirea; a
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5.6 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Ben
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information on value chains, build
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nonetheless to ensure that appropri
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Bhattarai, N. and
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Table 1: Rangeland
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Botanical name and
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Plant species and
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permit. Fourth, we should strengthe
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Source: Winkler, D. 2008, 2010 Figu
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Photo 2: Trading of collected Cordy
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Farmers and herdsm
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5.3 Social problems caused by explo
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Jiang Yi, Yao Yijian 2004: An Overv
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level for making different homestea
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Photo 1: Shepherd returning with hi
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50-200 culled buffalos are slaughte
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complementary to the surplus availa
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for celebratory and</strong
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Wool is sheared three times a year
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2.2.9 The Community Wool Enterprise
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In the mountain areas of Northern P
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are exported in crude form i.e. in
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3.4 Eco-tourism Products The mounta
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Ehlers, E. and H.
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5 Pastoral Practices and</s
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and entrepreneursh
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to 4500-5300 m in altitudes where c
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pastures in summer from winter camp
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 208 Detached mou
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 210 Agro-pastora
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The renaissance of modernisation th
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Table 1: Initial Chinese reforms af
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Restore Pastures to Grass (tuimu hu
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4 Resettlement Programmes The above
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5 Future Prospects for pastoral Pra
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Benson, L. and Sva
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Tashi, Y., Chamard, P. C., Courel,
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has been put forward. The governmen
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Revolution, here, refers to the lif
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Table 2: Differentiation between ri
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angeland managemen
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Photo 1: Oat hay from Qumei Town, S
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Photo 3: Storing oat hay for market
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poverty and ecolog
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The average annual incomes of herde
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Source: Cui et al. 2011 Figure 1: L
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3.3 Culture and ed
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formed the main basis of the total
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source of income for agro-pastoral
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��
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Plateau. There were 2.27 million an
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254 Improving education Migration &
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5.4 Recent Changes in Pastoral Syst
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Figure 1: Gorno-Badakhshan - Pastur
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�� Major owners keep their anim
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Only insignificant cultivation area
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of providing animals with seasonal-
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1 Main Achievements and</st
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4. The emergence of industrial <str
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1.2 Main practices and</str
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4. Taking advantage of local resour
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much improved, the ecological envir
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shall promote the intensive use of
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education of farmers and</s
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emphasis on introduction an
Page 283 and 284:
angelands in their
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7.2 Summary of Group Discussion 7.2
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8 Recommendations formulated by the
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Monitoring �� Improve instituti
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Photo 1: The Tibetan Plateau a chal
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Photo 2: Yak-breeding in Linzhou Co
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4. The way forward and</str
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10 Annexes 10.1 Conference
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12:00 Production and</stron
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10.2 List of Participants PR of Chi
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PR of China Ms. Qin Ai Qiong Resear
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PR of China Mr. Yundan Deputy Direc
Page 307 and 308:
Nepal Mr. Mainali, Gopi Nath Joint
Page 309 and 310:
International Participants Dr. Kark
Page 311 and 312:
Imprint Publisher: Deutsche Gesells
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