Pastoralism and Rangeland Management on the Tibetan Plateau in ...

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Photo 3: Golden yaks in Lhasa (photograph © Hermann Kreutzmann September 11, 2000) 3. Reconciliation. During our panel discussion in the plenary session, it became obvious that the two aspects of pastoralism (representing the human sphere) <strong>and</strong> rangel<strong>and</strong> management (representing the ecological sphere) are strongly interlinked <strong>and</strong> that probably reconciliation between human dem<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> nature protection is the synthesis approach that could lead to recommendations. Consequently the working groups emphasized the specific aspects in both spheres <strong>and</strong> the necessity of identifying them before discussing actions <strong>and</strong> measures that could contribute to reconciliation processes. It is one of the most significant results of this workshop that we have found a common language to address these issues <strong>and</strong> to highlight a way forward in our recommendations. Deputy Secretary-General Zhang Younian of TAR’s People’s Government gave further insight into the aim <strong>and</strong> pace of modernisation as it is directed <strong>and</strong> guided by governmental institutions. His presentation proved to be one in which the frame conditions of induced change became transparent <strong>and</strong> obvious. Reconciliation is in his view a process in which governmental institutions have designed the framework <strong>and</strong> direct the implementation of plans that contain the perspectives of reducing ecological degradation, improving human welfare <strong>and</strong> addressing economic necessities as given <strong>and</strong> backed by higher authorities. Consequently, reconciliation results in modern resource management, optimizing strategies <strong>and</strong> resettlement of pastoralists in pre-designed <strong>and</strong> established townships that are supposed to be the future centres of pastoral activities. 293 > > > 9. Summary of Workshop <strong>and</strong> Closing Remarks
4. The way forward <strong>and</strong> outlook. The good message that was received during the workshop was that after the merger of GTZ <strong>and</strong> InWEnt the new German institution for international cooperation GIZ will continue the mountain development programme. The achievements so far have been highlighted already on the first day of the workshop. This workshop has shown again that it seems worthwhile to continue on the path taken <strong>and</strong> to adapt the programme’s direction to the pressing issues of our time: climate <strong>and</strong> global change <strong>and</strong> their impact on the living conditions of mountain people. To make the achievements available to a broader community of practice <strong>and</strong> knowledge, InWEnt is publishing the results of this workshop in a book series that has become by now a set of compendia used by a wider readership in their daily routine. To secure knowledge <strong>and</strong> to safeguard ownership is one goal of this series of books that are also available online. Therefore I would like to use this occasion to call for all contributions to be submitted in updated versions within one month. Photo 4: Visitors from pastoral areas in Lhasa (photograph © Hermann Kreutzmann July 30, 2004) Finally I would like to thank the local organisers of this conference <strong>and</strong> especially our hosts here in Lhasa for their excellent arrangements <strong>and</strong> kind hospitality. Dr. Nyima Tashi <strong>and</strong> Dr. Yi Shaoliang acted as chairmen of the workshop <strong>and</strong> led us through the workshop in such a way that the results from the previous contributions led logically to the next steps. My sincere gratitude goes to Yang Yong who is named in representation of a whole team of diligent 294
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Bonn 2011 21-25 October 2010 Region
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Contents Preface ..................
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5.3 Socio-economic Changes in Pasto
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planning and imple
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agricultural base for niche plateau
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Welcome Address by Madhav Karki, IC
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Welcome Address by Jürgen Richter,
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training and have
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Welcome Speech by Ding Ye Xian, Vic
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efforts and streng
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LRMP Land Resource
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Source: Qi Xuebin 2004 The distribu
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In addition, these formulated objec
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ditional resources that play a grow
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1 Introduction On the 18th of Janua
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the headwater areas of the Yellow R
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southern mountainous region of TAR,
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Dai, Y. Y. 2010: 2.5 billion RMB Yu
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2.2 Building the Eco-Shelter of the
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Photo 1: The water towers of humank
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Tibet’s numerous glaciers, lakes,
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Second, to earnestly carry out the
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Figure 2: Map of prefectures within
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Farmers and herdsm
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tems in Tibet, we should establish
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2.3 The Impact of Rangeland
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2 Overview of Pastures in Xinjiang
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Table 1: The coverage of different
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of the land but fe
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Table 2: Various service function v
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thousand hectares
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(2) Rangeland rest
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forage, the problem of serious wint
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3 Eco-tourism and
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1 Rangelands as na
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Holistically valuing a complex syst
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This multi-functional nature of the
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farming landscapes
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lages started in late 1990s. Before
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78 local communities must be able t
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4.2 From “protection or conservat
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82 4. Recreational venues/ tourism
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6 Conclusions Rangeland</st
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Statistics Bureau of Tibet 2010: Bu
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Photo 1: Landscape
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weather is becoming less predictabl
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3.2 Is Cow Dung used for Fuel reall
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some 20-30 tea-house trekking touri
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contributed largely by the native p
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The NTNC-ACAP with the collaboratio
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conditions and inc
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3.3 Balancing Protection an
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of the National Scenic Area List <s
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“nine arms” ( the Tashi Duo Pen
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Table 1: Rangeland
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pastoralists in the surrounding are
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Source: Bureau of Statistics Damxun
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of family income, and</stro
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get their supplies from a fixed who
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Photo 2: Prayer flags hanging r<str
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for the introduction and</s
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to control the overload of livestoc
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partnership. This approach in our v
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Source: adapted from ICIMOD 2009 Fi
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Year Total By Air By Land</
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2.1 Purpose of visit Nepal offers s
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natural and cultur
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(TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Associ
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3 Mountain Pastoralism</str
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Lakes just a few kilometers distant
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Fielding, E., Isacks, B., Barazangi
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4 Niche Production as an Additional
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further accelerating ecosystem degr
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5 Pastoralism-base
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Photo 2: Podophyllum hexand
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Photo 5: Dactylorhiza hatagirea; a
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5.6 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Ben
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information on value chains, build
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nonetheless to ensure that appropri
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Bhattarai, N. and
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Table 1: Rangeland
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Botanical name and
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Plant species and
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permit. Fourth, we should strengthe
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Source: Winkler, D. 2008, 2010 Figu
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Photo 2: Trading of collected Cordy
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Farmers and herdsm
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5.3 Social problems caused by explo
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Jiang Yi, Yao Yijian 2004: An Overv
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level for making different homestea
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Photo 1: Shepherd returning with hi
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50-200 culled buffalos are slaughte
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complementary to the surplus availa
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for celebratory and</strong
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Wool is sheared three times a year
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2.2.9 The Community Wool Enterprise
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In the mountain areas of Northern P
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are exported in crude form i.e. in
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3.4 Eco-tourism Products The mounta
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Ehlers, E. and H.
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5 Pastoral Practices and</s
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and entrepreneursh
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to 4500-5300 m in altitudes where c
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pastures in summer from winter camp
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 208 Detached mou
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5000 (m) 4000 3000 210 Agro-pastora
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The renaissance of modernisation th
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Table 1: Initial Chinese reforms af
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Restore Pastures to Grass (tuimu hu
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4 Resettlement Programmes The above
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5 Future Prospects for pastoral Pra
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Benson, L. and Sva
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Tashi, Y., Chamard, P. C., Courel,
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has been put forward. The governmen
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Revolution, here, refers to the lif
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Table 2: Differentiation between ri
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angeland managemen
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Photo 1: Oat hay from Qumei Town, S
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Photo 3: Storing oat hay for market
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poverty and ecolog
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The average annual incomes of herde
Page 243 and 244: Source: Cui et al. 2011 Figure 1: L
Page 245 and 246: 3.3 Culture and ed
Page 247 and 248: formed the main basis of the total
Page 249 and 250: source of income for agro-pastoral
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Page 253 and 254: Plateau. There were 2.27 million an
Page 255 and 256: 254 Improving education Migration &
Page 257 and 258: 5.4 Recent Changes in Pastoral Syst
Page 259 and 260: Figure 1: Gorno-Badakhshan - Pastur
Page 261 and 262: �� Major owners keep their anim
Page 263 and 264: Only insignificant cultivation area
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Page 267 and 268: 1 Main Achievements and</st
Page 269 and 270: 4. The emergence of industrial <str
Page 271 and 272: 1.2 Main practices and</str
Page 273 and 274: 4. Taking advantage of local resour
Page 275 and 276: much improved, the ecological envir
Page 277 and 278: shall promote the intensive use of
Page 279 and 280: education of farmers and</s
Page 281 and 282: emphasis on introduction an
Page 283 and 284: angelands in their
Page 285 and 286: 7.2 Summary of Group Discussion 7.2
Page 287 and 288: 8 Recommendations formulated by the
Page 289 and 290: Monitoring �� Improve instituti
Page 291 and 292: Photo 1: The Tibetan Plateau a chal
Page 293: Photo 2: Yak-breeding in Linzhou Co
Page 297 and 298: 10 Annexes 10.1 Conference
Page 299 and 300: 12:00 Production and</stron
Page 301 and 302: 10.2 List of Participants PR of Chi
Page 303 and 304: PR of China Ms. Qin Ai Qiong Resear
Page 305 and 306: PR of China Mr. Yundan Deputy Direc
Page 307 and 308: Nepal Mr. Mainali, Gopi Nath Joint
Page 309 and 310: International Participants Dr. Kark
Page 311 and 312: Imprint Publisher: Deutsche Gesells
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