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La santé maternelle et néonatale

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pp. 41–54; Organisation mondiale de la Santé,<br />

‘Malaria and HIV Interactions and their Implications<br />

for Public Health Policy’, OMS, Genève, 2005, pp.<br />

10–11; Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’enfance,<br />

Fiche d’information sur le paludisme <strong>et</strong> le VIH, Note<br />

technique de l’UNICEF no. 6, février 2003, p. 2;<br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé, ‘Technical<br />

Expert Group Me<strong>et</strong>ing on Intermittent Preventive<br />

Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp)’, Genève, 2008, p. 4;<br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé, ‘Assessment of<br />

the Saf<strong>et</strong>y of Artemisinin Compounds in Pregnancy’,<br />

Genève, 2003, p. 2.<br />

Les difficultés des adolescentes au Libéria<br />

Informations fournies par le Bureau de l’UNICEF<br />

au Libéria.<br />

CHAPITRE 4<br />

1<br />

Hill, K., <strong>et</strong> al., ‘Interim Measures for Me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />

Needs for Health Sector Data: Births, deaths and<br />

causes of death’, The <strong>La</strong>nc<strong>et</strong>, vol. 370, no. 9600,<br />

17 novembre 2007, pp. 1726–1735.<br />

2<br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Au-delà des<br />

nombres, Examiner les morts <strong>maternelle</strong>s <strong>et</strong> les<br />

complications pour réduire les risques liés à la<br />

grossesse, OMS, Genève, 2004, pp. 1–2.<br />

3<br />

Measure Evaluation, ‘Measuring Maternal<br />

Mortality from a Census: Guidelines for potential<br />

users’, ,<br />

consulté le 30 septembre 2008; Organisation mondiale<br />

de la Santé, Verbal Autopsy: Ascertaining<br />

and attributing causes of death, OMS, Genève,<br />

2007, p. 6.<br />

4<br />

S<strong>et</strong>el, P.W., <strong>et</strong> al., ‘Sample Registration of Vital<br />

Events with Verbal Autopsy: A renewed commitment<br />

to measuring and monitoring vital statistics,<br />

Bull<strong>et</strong>in de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé,<br />

vol. 83, no. 8, 2005, pp. 611–617; Measure<br />

Evaluation, ‘Sample Registration of Vital Events<br />

with Verbal Autopsy’, , site<br />

consulté le 30 septembre 2008.<br />

5<br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Au-delà des<br />

nombres, Examiner les morts <strong>maternelle</strong>s <strong>et</strong> les<br />

complications pour réduire les risques liés à la<br />

grossesse, OMS, Genève, 2004, pp. 106–107<br />

6<br />

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,<br />

‘Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health<br />

Surveillance Systems’, Morbidity and Mortality<br />

Weekly Report – Recommendations and Reports,<br />

vol. 50, no. RR13, CDC, Washington, D.C.,<br />

27 juill<strong>et</strong> 2001, pp. 1–35.<br />

7<br />

Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’enfance,<br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé <strong>et</strong> Fonds des<br />

Nations Unies pour la population, Guidelines for<br />

Monitoring the Availability and Use of Obst<strong>et</strong>ric<br />

Services, UNICEF, août 1997; Averting Maternal<br />

Death and Disability Program, Averting Maternal<br />

Death and Disability Program Report, 1999–2005,<br />

Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia<br />

University, New York, octobre 2006, pp. 2–4.<br />

8<br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Au-delà des<br />

nombres, Examiner les morts <strong>maternelle</strong>s <strong>et</strong> les<br />

complications pour réduire les risques liés à la<br />

grossesse, OMS, Genève, 2004, p. 4.<br />

9<br />

Granja, A.C., F. Machungo <strong>et</strong> S. Bergstrom,<br />

‘Avoidability of Maternal Death in Mozambique:<br />

Audit and r<strong>et</strong>rospective risk assessment in 106<br />

consecutive cases’, African Journal of Health<br />

Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3–4, juill<strong>et</strong>–Décembre 2000,<br />

pp. 83–7.<br />

10<br />

Blouse, A., P. Gomez <strong>et</strong> B. Kinzie, Site<br />

Assessment and Strengthening for Maternal<br />

and Newborn Health Programmes, JHPIEGO,<br />

Baltimore, 2004, pp. 1–42; EngenderHealth,<br />

COPE for Maternal Health Services: A process<br />

and tools for improving the quality of maternal<br />

health services, New York, 2001.<br />

11<br />

Byass, P<strong>et</strong>er, <strong>et</strong> al., ‘Direct Data Capture Using<br />

Hand-held Computers in Rural Burkina Faso:<br />

Experienes, benefits and lessons learnt, Tropical<br />

Medicine and International Health, vol. 13, numéro<br />

spécial 1, juill<strong>et</strong> 2008, p. 29.<br />

12<br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Le Rapport sur<br />

la santé dans le monde 2006 – Travailler ensemble<br />

pour la santé, OMS, Genève, 2006, p. 12.<br />

13<br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Le Rapport sur<br />

la santé dans le monde 2005, Donnons sa chance<br />

à chaque mère <strong>et</strong> à chaque enfant, OMS, Genève,<br />

2005, p. 96.<br />

14<br />

Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population, Investir<br />

dans la population, Progrès réalisés au niveau<br />

national dans la mise en œuvre du Programme<br />

d’action de la CIPD, UNFPA, New York, 2004,<br />

p. 45; Organisation mondiale de la Santé,<br />

Confédération internationale des sages-femmes<br />

<strong>et</strong> International Federation of Gynecology and<br />

Obst<strong>et</strong>rics, Pour une grossesse à moindre risque :<br />

Le rôle capital de l’accoucheur qualifié Une déclaration<br />

conjointe OMS, ICM, FIGO, OMS, Genève,<br />

2004, p. 1; Organisation mondiale de la Santé,<br />

Departement de la santé <strong>et</strong> recherche génésiques,<br />

« Proportion de naissances assistées par des<br />

agents soignants qualifiés », 2008 updates,<br />

OMS, Genève, p. 3.<br />

15<br />

Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’enfance <strong>et</strong><br />

Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Management<br />

of Sick Children by Community Health Workers,<br />

UNICEF/OMS, New York, janvier 2006, p. 7.<br />

16<br />

Ibid.<br />

17<br />

Sur la base du rapport du Fonds des Nations<br />

Unies pour l’enfance, <strong>La</strong> Situation des enfants<br />

dans le monde 2008 : la survie de l’enfant,<br />

UNICEF, New York, janvier 2008, p. 77.<br />

18<br />

Bureau régional de l’UNICEF pour l’Asie du Sud,<br />

Maternal and Neonatal Health Review in the South<br />

Asia Region, 25 juin 2008, p. 152.<br />

19<br />

Dambisya, Ysowa, ‘A Review of Non-financial<br />

Incentives for Health Worker R<strong>et</strong>ention in Eastern<br />

and Southern Africa’, Regional N<strong>et</strong>work for Equity<br />

in Health in East and Southern Africa, Discussion<br />

Paper no. 44, mai 2007, p. 49.<br />

20<br />

<strong>La</strong>wn, Joy E., <strong>et</strong> Kate J. Kerber, eds., Opportunities<br />

for Africa’s Newborns: Practical data, policy and<br />

programmatic support for newborn care in Africa,<br />

Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child<br />

Health, Cape Town, 2006, p. 73.<br />

21<br />

Vivar, Susana Camacho, ‘Ecuador Addresses<br />

Cultural Issues for Pregnant Women’, The <strong>La</strong>nc<strong>et</strong>,<br />

vol. 370, no. 9595, 13 Octobre 2007, p. 1302.<br />

22<br />

<strong>La</strong>woyin, Taiwo, O, O.C Olushevi, and David A.<br />

Adewole, ‘Men’s Perception of Maternal Mortality<br />

in Nigeria’, Journal of Public Health Policy, vol. 28,<br />

no. 3, 2007, pp. 299–318.<br />

23<br />

<strong>La</strong>wn, Joy E., and Kate J. Kerber, eds., Opportunities<br />

for Africa’s Newborns: Practical data, policy and<br />

programmatic support for newborn care in Africa,<br />

Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child<br />

Health, Cape Town, 2006, p. 87.<br />

24<br />

Bryce, Jennifer, and J.H. Requejo, Tracking<br />

Progress in Maternal, Newborn & Child Survival:<br />

The 2008 report, Countdown to 2015, Fonds des<br />

Nations Unies pour l’enfance, New York, 2008,<br />

p. 44.<br />

25<br />

Données préparées par l’Unité du développement<br />

des politiques <strong>et</strong> systèmes de santé, Health<br />

Systems Strengthening Area, Organisation<br />

panaméricaine de la Santé.<br />

26<br />

Commission sociale <strong>et</strong> économique des Nations<br />

Unies, Commission économique des Nations<br />

Unies pour l’Afrique, Commission de l’Union<br />

africaine, ‘Me<strong>et</strong>ing Africa’s New Development<br />

Challenges in the 21st Century: Issues paper’,<br />

Addis-Abeba, 21 mars 2008, p. 13.<br />

27<br />

Borghi, J.O., <strong>et</strong> al., ‘Mobilizing Financial Resources<br />

for Maternal Health’, The <strong>La</strong>nc<strong>et</strong>, vol. 368, no. 21,<br />

octobre 2006, pp. 1457–1465.<br />

28<br />

Witter, Sophie, <strong>et</strong> al., ‘The Experience of Ghana in<br />

Implementing a User Fee Exemption Policy to<br />

Provide Free Delivery Care’, Reproductive Health<br />

Matters, vol. 15, no. 30, 2007, pp. 61–71; Borghi,<br />

J.O., <strong>et</strong> al., ‘Mobilizing Financial Resources for<br />

Health’, The <strong>La</strong>nc<strong>et</strong>, vol. 368, no. 21, octobre<br />

2006, pp. 1457–1465.<br />

29<br />

Gilson, Lucy, <strong>et</strong> Di McIntyre, ‘Removing Fees for<br />

Primary Care in Africa: The need for careful action’,<br />

British Medical Journal, vol. 331, 2005, pp. 331,<br />

762–765.<br />

30<br />

Borghi, J.O., <strong>et</strong> al., ‘Mobilizing Financial Resources<br />

for Health’, The <strong>La</strong>nc<strong>et</strong>, vol. 368, no. 21, octobre<br />

2006, pp. 1457–1465; Deininger, K., and P. Mpuga,<br />

Economic and Welfare Effects of the Abolition<br />

of Health User Fees: Evidence from Uganda,<br />

Banque mondiale document de travail no. 3276,<br />

Washington, D.C., 2004; Nabyonga, J., <strong>et</strong> al.,<br />

‘Abolition of Cost-sharing Is Pro-poor: Evidence<br />

from Uganda’, Health Policy Plan, vol. 20,<br />

pp. 100–108.<br />

31<br />

Borghi, J.O., <strong>et</strong> al., ‘Mobilizing Financial Resources<br />

for Health’, The <strong>La</strong>nc<strong>et</strong>, vol. 368, no. 21, octobre<br />

2006, pp. 1457–1465; Gilson, Lucy, <strong>et</strong> Di McIntyre,<br />

‘Removing User Fees for Primary Care in Africa:<br />

The need for careful action’, British Medical<br />

Journal, vol. 331, 1 octobre 2005, pp. 762–765.<br />

32<br />

Gilson, Lucy, <strong>et</strong> Di McIntyre, ‘Removing User<br />

Fees for Primary Care in Africa: The need for<br />

careful action, British Medical Journal, vol. 331,<br />

1 octobre 2005, pp. 762–765.<br />

33<br />

Dmytraczenko, T., <strong>et</strong> al., Evaluacion del Seguro<br />

Nacional de Maternidad y Ninez en Bolivia,<br />

Partnerships for Health Reform, Abt Associates,<br />

B<strong>et</strong>hesda, Maryland, 1998; Borghi, J.O., <strong>et</strong> al.,<br />

‘Mobilizing Financial Resources for Maternal<br />

Health’, The <strong>La</strong>nc<strong>et</strong>, vol. 368, no. 9545,<br />

21 octobre 2006, pp. 1457–1465.<br />

110 LA SITUATION DES ENFANTS DANS LE MONDE 2009

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