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114 G.C. Larsen and K.S. Hansen<br />

Table 19.1. Estimated parameters defining the transformation constant for various<br />

terrains<br />

References<br />

Terrain type a b<br />

Offshore/coastal 0.0014 0.2972<br />

Flat, homogenous 0.0004 0.2820<br />

Hilly, scrub 0.0009 0.3566<br />

1. D.E. Cartwright and M.S. Longuet-Higgins (1956). The statistical distribution<br />

of the maxima of a random function. Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser. A 237,<br />

212–232<br />

2. M. Nielsen, G.C. Larsen, J. Mann, S. Ott, K.S. Hansen and B.J. Pedersen (2003).<br />

<strong>Wind</strong> Simulation for Extreme and Fatigue Loads. Risø-R-1437(EN)<br />

3. F. Boettcher, C. Renner, H.-P. Waldl, and J. Peinke (2003). On the statistics<br />

of <strong>Wind</strong> Gusts. Bound. Layer Meteor, 108, 163–173<br />

4. H.A. Panofsky and J.A. Dutton (1984). Atmospheric Turbulence - Models and<br />

Methods for Engineering Applications. Wiley, New York<br />

5. G.C. Larsen and K.S. Hansen (2004). Statistical model of extreme shear. Special<br />

topic conference: The science of making torque from wind, Delft (NL), 19–21<br />

April, Delft University of Technology, pp. 433–444<br />

6. G.C. Larsen, K.S. Hansen and B.J. Pedersen (2002). Constrained simulation of<br />

critical wind speed gusts by means of wavelets. 2002 Global <strong>Wind</strong>power Conference<br />

and Exhibition, France<br />

7. G.C. Larsen and K.S. Hansen (2001). Statistics of Off Shore <strong>Wind</strong> Speed Gusts,<br />

EWEC’01, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2–6 July<br />

8. Gumbel, E.J. (1966). Statistics of Extremes. Columbia University Express

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