Wind Energy

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Alexander Rauh Institute of Physics University of Oldenburg D-26111 Oldenburg Germany alexander.rauh@uni-oldenburg.de Johannes Reetz ForWind – Center for Wind Energy Research Institute for Structural Analysis University of Hannover Germany Kurt Rohrig Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET) Verein an der Universität Kassel e.V., 34119 Kassel, Germany Mirko Schäfer Corporate Technology Information and Communications Siemens AG D-81730 München, Germany mirko.schaefer@theo.physik. unigiessen.de Alois Peter Schaffarczyk Computational Mechanics Laboratory University of Applied Sciences, Kiel Grenzstr. 3, 24149 Kiel Germany P. Schaumann ForWind – Center for Wind Energy Research Institute for Steel Construction University of Hannover Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover Germany List of Contributors XXIX D. Schertzer CEREVE, ENPC, 6-8, ave. Blaise Pascal, Cité Descartes, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex, France Météo-France, Paris, 1 Quai Branly, 75007 Paris, France François G. Schmitt CNRS, FRE ELICO 2816, Station Marine de Wimereux, Université de Lille 1, 28 av. Foch 62930 Wimereux France francois.schmitt@univ-lille1.fr Detlef Schulz University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven/Competence Center Wind Energy An der Karlstadt 8, Bremerhaven Germany dschulz@hs-bremerhaven.de Marc Seidel REpower Systems AG Hollesenstr 15, 24768 Rendsburg Germany m.seidel@repower.de Wen Zhong Shen Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Building 403 2800 Lyngby, Denmark shen@mek.dtu.dk A. Shishkin DLR Göttingen, Robert-Bunsenstr. 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany Christophe Sicot Laboratoire de Mécanique et Energétique Université d’Orléans 8rueLéonard de Vinci 45072 Orléans, France christophe.sicot@univ-orleans.fr
XXX List of Contributors Ivo Sládek Czech Technical University in Prague U12101, Karlovo náměstí 13, ZIP 121 35 Czech Republic sladek@marian.fsik.cvut.cz Jens Nørkær Sørensen Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Building 403, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark jns@mek.dtu.dk P. Sørensen Risø National Laboratory, VEA-118 P.O. Box 49 DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark B. Stoevesandt ForWind, Marie-Curie-Str. 2 26129 Oldenburg, Germany bernhard.stoevesandt@forwind.de J. Tambke ForWind – Center for Wind Energy Research Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg Germany I. Tchiguirinskaia CEREVE, ENPC, 6-8, av. Blaise Pascal, Cité Descartes, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée cedex, France P.U. Thamsen Fluidsystemdynamik Technische Universität Berlin Sekr. K2, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany J.J. Trujillo ForWind – Oldenburg University now at SWE Stuttgart University Germany juanjose.trujillo@forwind.de juan-jose.trujillo@ifb. unistuttgart.de Jenny Trumars Water Environment Technology Chalmers, 412 96 Göteborg Sweden jenny.trumars@chalmers.se Matthias Türk Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany J. Twele Fluidsystemdynamik Technische Universität Berlin Sekr. K2 Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany Thomas Ummenhofer Institut für Bauwerkserhaltung und Tragwerk Technische Universität Braunschweig Pockelsstr.3, Braunschweig Germany t.ummenhofer@tu-bs.de Dick Veldkamp Vestas Wind Systems A/S Alsvej 21 8900 Randers, Denmark A. Vesth Risø National Laboratory, VEA-118 P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark
Page 1 and 2: Wind Energy Proceedings of the Euro
Page 3 and 4: Prof. Dr. Joachim Peinke Dr. Stepha
Page 5 and 6: VI Preface been presented, spanning
Page 7 and 8: VIII Contents 3.3 Stochastic Wind F
Page 9 and 10: X Contents 12.6 Subgrid Scale Turbu
Page 11 and 12: XII Contents 22 Stochastic Small-Sc
Page 13 and 14: XIV Contents 32 Handling Systems Dr
Page 15 and 16: XVI Contents 41 3D Numerical Simula
Page 17 and 18: XVIII Contents 51 Comparing WAsP an
Page 19 and 20: XX Contents 58.3 Ultra-High Perform
Page 21 and 22: XXII List of Contributors Lars Berg
Page 23 and 24: XXIV List of Contributors Renata Gn
Page 25 and 26: XXVI List of Contributors A. Kiss D
Page 27: XXVIII List of Contributors El˙zbi
Page 31 and 32: 1 Offshore Wind Power Meteorology B
Page 33 and 34: 1 Offshore Wind Power Meteorology 3
Page 35 and 36: 1 Offshore Wind Power Meteorology 5
Page 37 and 38: 2 Wave Loads on Wind-Power Plants i
Page 39 and 40: Trubaduren 2 Wave Loads on Wind-Pow
Page 41 and 42: Base moment (10 6 Nm) 0.4 0.2 −0.
Page 43 and 44: 2 Wave Loads on Wind-Power Plants i
Page 45 and 46: 3 Time Domain Comparison of Simulat
Page 47 and 48: 3 Time Domain Comparison Using Cons
Page 49 and 50: 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 3 T
Page 51 and 52: 4 Mean Wind and Turbulence in the A
Page 57 and 58: 5 Wind Speed Profiles above the Nor
Page 59 and 60: 5 Wind Speed Profiles above the Nor
Page 61 and 62: Height [m] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30
Page 63 and 64: 6 Fundamental Aspects of Fluid Flow
Page 65 and 66: f Suu(f, z) / σ 2 u(z) 10 0 10 −
Page 67 and 68: a) c) −0,375 6 Fluid Flow over Co
Page 69 and 70: 7 Models for Computer Simulation of
Page 71 and 72: y/h 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 7 Models for
Page 73 and 74: 8 Power Performance via Nacelle Ane
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9 Pollutant Dispersion in Flow Arou
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x1/B 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 9 Pollutant Di
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9 Pollutant Dispersion in Flow Arou
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10 On the Atmospheric Flow Modellin
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11 Comparison of Logarithmic Wind P
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Height above ground in m 100 90 80
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12 Turbulence Modelling and Numeric
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13 Gusts in Intermittent Wind Turbu
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Durations (s) 25 20 15 10 5 13 Gust
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14 Report on the Research Project O
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height z (m) 100 80 60 40 20 0 14 R
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14.6 Outlook 14 Report on the Resea
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15 Simulation of Turbulence, Gusts
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S(ƒ)(m/s) 2 /Hz 15 Simulation of T
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15 Simulation of Turbulence, Gusts
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16 Short Time Prediction of Wind Sp
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ms prediction error [m/s] 16 Short
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16 Short Time Prediction of Wind Sp
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17 Wind Extremes and Scales: Multif
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Log10 E(k)*k**(5/3) 6 4 2 0 5/3 cor
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17.3 Discussion and Conclusion 17 W
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18 Boundary-Layer Influence on Extr
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z/H (a) (b) 4 2 18 Boundary-Layer I
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18.6 Concluding Remarks 18 Boundary
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19 The Statistical Distribution of
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19 The Statistical Distribution of
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20 Superposition Model for Atmosphe
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h(u) 0.5 0.3 0.1 20 Superposition M
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21 Extreme Events Under Low-Frequen
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21 Extreme Events Under Low-Frequen
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22 Stochastic Small-Scale Modelling
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p(σ⏐u) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 22 Stoc
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22 Stochastic Small-Scale Modelling
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23 Quantitative Estimation of Drift
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24 Scaling Turbulent Atmospheric St
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24 Scaling Turbulent Atmospheric St
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25 Wind Farm Power Fluctuations P.
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25 Wind Farm Power Fluctuations 141
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d rc q rc V 0 q V 25 Wind Farm Powe
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References 25 Wind Farm Power Fluct
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26 Network Perspective of Wind-Powe
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27 Phenomenological Response Theory
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28 Turbulence Correction for Power
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28 Turbulence Correction for Power
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29 Online Modeling of Wind Farm Pow
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29 Online Modeling of Wind Farm Pow
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30 Uncertainty of Wind Energy Estim
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31 Characterisation of the Power Cu
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32 Handling Systems Driven by Diffe
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32 Handling Systems Driven by Diffe
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33 Experimental Researches of Chara
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33 Experimental Researches of Chara
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34 Methodical Failure Detection in
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34 Methodical Failure Detection in
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35 Modelling of the Transition Loca
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35 Modelling an Airfoil with Surfac
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(Cl/Cd)max 120 110 100 90 80 70 60
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35 Modelling an Airfoil with Surfac
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36 Helicopter Aerodynamics with Emp
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37 Determination of Angle of Attack
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37 Determination of Angle of Attack
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Drag coefficient 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.
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38 Unsteady Characteristics of Flow
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PSD PSD 38 Unsteady Characteristics
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39 Aerodynamic Multi-Criteria Shape
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39 Multi-Criteria Shape Optimizatio
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39 Multi-Criteria Shape Optimizatio
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40 Rotation and Turbulence Effects
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Cp Xsep/c 1 0.6 0.2 −0.2 −0.6
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Standard deviation of Cp 0.7 0.6 0.
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41 3D Numerical Simulation and Eval
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41 3D-CFD-Simulation of a Wind Turb
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42 Performance of the Risø-B1 Airf
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42 Performance of the Risø-B1 Airf
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43 Aerodynamic Behaviour of a New T
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44 Numerical Simulation of Dynamic
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44 Numerical Simulation of Dynamic
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45 Modeling of the Far Wake behind
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8 6 uz 4 2 45 Modeling of the Far W
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46 Stability of the Tip Vortices in
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46 Stability of the Tip Vortices in
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47 Modelling Turbulence Intensities
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48 Numerical Computations of Wind T
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Z X Y 48 Numerical Computations of
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References 48 Numerical Computation
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49 Modelling Wind Turbine Wakes wit
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U mean / U ref 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 49 Mod
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49.5 Conclusion 49 Modelling Wind T
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50 Prediction of Wind Turbine Noise
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0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 −0.2 −0.4 −0.
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51 Comparing WAsP and Fluent for Hi
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Table 51.1. Measurements and simula
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51 Comparing WAsP and Fluent for Hi
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52 Fatigue Assessment of Truss Join
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53 Advances in Offshore Wind Techno
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Simulation Measurement pitch angle
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53 Advances in Offshore Wind Techno
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54 Benefits of Fatigue Assessment w
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∆σN [N/mm²] 100 10 54 Benefits
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55 Extension of Life Time of Welded
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Transverse residual stresses [N/mm
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56 Damage Detection on Structures o
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56 Damage Detection on Structures o
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57 Influence of the Type and Size o
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[W/m 2 ] q t [W/m 5000 4000 3000 20
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58 High-cycle Fatigue of “Ultra-H
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(a) (b) 450 Load [kN] 400 350 300 2
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59 A Modular Concept for Integrated
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60 Solutions of Details Regarding F
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SR 1000 800 600 400 200 100 80 60 4
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60 Solutions of Details Regarding F
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61 On the Influence of Low-Level Je
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Relative Power and Loading [%] 61 O
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62 Reliability of Wind Turbines Exp
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62 Reliability of Wind Turbines 331
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