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floodplain (first-order avulsion) or sudden reoccupation of an old channel on the floodplain (second-order avulsion)” (Nanson and Knighton 1996) . Channel avulsion is the primary way that anabranch channels migrate to maintain the efficient transport of water and sediment. The existing channels of Eight Mile Creek were formed via avulsions sometime in the past. The lack of evidence of channel avulsions between 1955 and 2004 suggests that either 1) the frequency of these channel changing events is greater than 1:50 years, and/or 2) perhaps the climate, hydrology or sediment transport regimes in the deeper past were more conducive to channel migration through avulsion. In contrast to channel planform stability, human infrastructure changes can be seen between the 1955 and 2004 photographs. In 1955, only one small track/road was present leading to Oriners from the east (Figure 64; Figure 67). By 2004, numerous dirt roads can be seen along with fence lines and the airplane landing strip (Figure 65; Figure 68). These roads have undoubtedly changed local water flow paths and caused local erosion, but the degree to which they have altered the movement of water across the entire floodplain during flood events remains less clear. Several examples do exist where roads parallel to the valley and Eight Mile Creek channels have collected and concentrated overbank flood water and funnelled water into erosion hotspots, essentially creating new anabranch channels (see Section 3.2.11 on gully erosion below). Construction of a new “bypass” road around Oriners was initiated in 2010 via tree clearing with a bulldozer (Figure 65), but construction of the road base has not commenced circa 2012. This new road will take traffic and pressure off Oriners Station itself, but also may cause additional problems such as erosion and weed spreading along the new route (see Section 3.2.11 on gully erosion below). Another major change that can be seen between the 1955 and 2004 photographs is major woodland tree thickening along the grassy islands of the alluvial floodplain (Figure 64; Figure 65; Figure 67; Figure 68). These changes will be discussed in more detail in Section 3.3.4 about fire. Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 157
Figure 64. 1955 Aerial Photograph of the Eight Mile Creek reach near Oriners Station and Lagoon. See Figure 67 for detail of inset box. Figure 65. 2004 Aerial Photograph of the Eight Mile Creek reach near Oriners Station and Lagoon, showing existing (pre-2004) and new road (2010) infrastructure, air strip and gully erosion problem areas. See Figure 68 for detail of inset box. Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 158
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T Working Knowledge: local ecologic
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CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..........
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5 Working knowledge: Conclusions an
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Figure 29. Mitchell catchment in fl
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Figure 68. 2004 Aerial Photograph o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project is the
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a report
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space for a complementary study emp
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cattlemen and the Hughes family, th
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As a contrast and complement, it is
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of people residing there during the
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the area for one or two seasons, bu
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Fire Frequency: for the Oriners are
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Strang then describes the story of
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emembered linguistic associations.
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Mystical/spiritual Scientific Perso
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ut your children will probably get
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20 years, Cecil Hughes, the son of
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Robert Burns: I was walking around
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Corporation. 12 Viv Sinnamon provid
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The purchase process was a factor i
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Viv Sinnamon: Yeah, and when we had
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communities, Lockhardt [River] and
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1.7 Oriners and the contemporary re
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management of country are not new.
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The above points demonstrate the va
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about forest and think of something
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Marcus Barber: Is that where Kowany
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-----------------------------------
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comes along with that, and where th
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Ivan Jimmy‟s brother Wilfred made
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Indigenous Australians are renowned
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Colin Hughes followed up his though
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Ezra Michael: I never heard it. No.
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Marcus Barber: So every time you we
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Figure 20. Oriners Lagoon in flood
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Figure 23. Large Woody Debris (LWD)
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Figure 24. Jeff Shellberg talks wit
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Figure 27. Mitchell catchment in fl
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2.2.4 Permanent water and groundwat
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Marcus Barber: So do you know how d
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Marcus Barber: Does that happen at
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Marcus Barber: What animals do you
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people are using the lagoon. Becaus
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that old black headed python. You g
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Marcus Barber: I was trying to find
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Major introduced animals at Oriners
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Colin Hughes: Oh there‟s just a l
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There was never too many [wild hors
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Cecil Hughes: Yes, you never saw th
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And they had special fish traps her
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Philip Yam: 3 or 4 times. A few tim
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Conversations with Philip Yam about
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Marcus Barber: so you have to get f
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2.5.4 Cattlemen: working connection
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Edwin David Most of the older build
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spirits being reborn in new generat
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Marcus Barber: Phillip‟s son Max?
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necessary at some of the times they
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Marcus Barber: If it was a really w
Page 121 and 122: hobble the horse and camp out there
Page 123 and 124: Marcus Barber: So you were moving a
Page 125 and 126: Marcus Barber: Was the grass still
Page 127 and 128: Philip Yam: Drumduff. We got blamed
Page 129 and 130: purpose of fires needs to be very c
Page 131 and 132: Marcus Barber: But it‟s been ther
Page 133 and 134: Figure 38. Oriners station from the
Page 135 and 136: and it traverses some areas prone t
Page 137 and 138: 2.7.1 Applying „Working Knowledge
Page 139 and 140: ochen (uy -) ojen (uy -) mujun (uy
Page 141 and 142: Oykangand Olkol Og Water ok Water o
Page 143 and 144: Other signs mark a broader seasonal
Page 145 and 146: The two comments from the Jimmy bro
Page 147 and 148: Average Monthly Rainfall (mm)_ 450
Page 149 and 150: demonstrated that cyclone landing f
Page 151 and 152: Figure 48. Geology of the catchment
Page 153 and 154: 3.2.4 Soils The soils of the “for
Page 155 and 156: Figure 49. Soils of Oriners and Sef
Page 157 and 158: Figure 52. RAAF oblique photograph
Page 159 and 160: Annaly (A) Land System Lowlands on
Page 161 and 162: 3.2.6 Soil erosion Soil erosion can
Page 163 and 164: Figure 56. Land use map of the Mitc
Page 165 and 166: larger valleys of Hoodoo and Sellar
Page 167 and 168: solutes from subsurface sedimentary
Page 169 and 170: 3.2.10.2 Eight Mile valley near Ori
Page 171: Elevation (m) 180 160 140 120 100 8
Page 175 and 176: pools like these are typically carv
Page 177 and 178: Figure 67. 1955 Aerial Photograph O
Page 179 and 180: Working Knowledge at Oriners Statio
Page 181 and 182: have also been defined as valley-bo
Page 187 and 188: Eucalyptus leptophleba (Mollow Red
Page 189 and 190: to manage vegetation and game, or f
Page 191 and 192: Figure 77. 1955 aerial photograph o
Page 193 and 194: Overall pig populations are poorly
Page 195 and 196: area can be obtained from the Queen
Page 197 and 198: degradation. Genuine restoration op
Page 199 and 200: Section 4.1 contains models of inte
Page 201 and 202: Figure 80. Model of Oriners landsca
Page 203 and 204: 4.1.3 Late dry season Two key diffe
Page 205 and 206: eshape the elements in the same way
Page 207 and 208: Evidence from Section 2.6.4 and 3.2
Page 211 and 212: Figure 92. Oblique air photos of Ho
Page 213 and 214: The primary contexts for learning k
Page 215 and 216: Despite data limitation, there is e
Page 217 and 218: Marcus Barber: If you were to think
Page 219 and 220: Regional scale Neighbouring Statio
Page 221 and 222: Cotter, G. (1995). A study of the p
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Kowanyama Aboriginal Council (2003)
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Smart, J., K. G. Grimes, et al. (19
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7 GLOSSARY 38 Alkaline- having the
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Fluvial Megafan- a large (10 3 -10
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Potential Energy- the stored energy
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8 APPENDICES 8.1 Informed Consent F
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8.3 Wildlife Animal Species List fo
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Birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orienta
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Reptiles Crocodylidae Crocodylus jo
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Dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria montana
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Dicots Myrtaceae Neofabricia serici
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Monocots Poaceae Eriachne sp. C Mon
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Working Knowledge at Oriners Statio
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