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Marcus Barber: Does the water taste different in those places? Does T-Bone water taste different from where there‟s prawns? Philip Yam: We don‟t know because we don‟t drink it. Jeff Shellberg: Earlier in the season in June, is it clear? Louie Native: No, it‟s still the same. Philip Yam: I think the water stays the same. Some places you go and there‟s water clean there, like back in Kowanyama the water is clean, then later on in the year it gets dirty. Viv Sinnamon: You can drink it most years, but some years it‟s bloody awful. It gets dirty, there‟s a lot of cattle and that, and the aquatics, it‟s a bit of a problem. Philip Yam: We don‟t drink that water, where the crayfish, the crayfish can. We just pop back into the Crosbie. Further comments about the role of animals in water quality appear in subsequent sections. Human activity can also have a significant effect on water quality. When constructing the new elevated house at Oriners, septic toilets (which might have resulted in high faecal coliform levels in the adjacent lagoon) were avoided. The waterless “clivus multrum” composting toilet systems which were installed were also positioned above the flood height in the area. However the primary concerns related to human effects on water quality relate to the presence of non-locals: Philip Yam: Those waterholes that we use for fishing and drinking. Some of them you go and you find dead pigs in them. The pig shooters they want to shoot them but they don‟t want to drag them away so they just leave it there. Jeff Shellberg: What about wild cattle fouling the water? Philip Yam: Wild cattle, we get a few wild cattle. There was a few, a couple of blokes, I don‟t know who they are, they shot some up here. One died near, coming out from Crosbie, near that waterhole, small one. I don‟t know if that one got shot right there… Viv Sinnamon: They are good bait for pigs. They‟ll shoot beasts just to attract the pigs. They let them get a bit smelly and it brings the goannas and the pigs. Philip Yam: That‟s what they do eh? They used to do that up in Dixie, up here this way. 2.3 Native animals The following section reviews comments made about native animals, their distribution, and interactions with each other and with humans. The section title and categories reflect ecological (aquatic animals, birds) and conservation (native vs introduced) perspectives, but the comments naturally cross cut and interlink such classifications to a degree. Combined with 2.4, this section provides some broader context regarding animals in the area that is relevant to later synthesis. 2.3.1 Aquatic animals The aquatic animals most commonly referred to by people talking about Oriners included fish, turtles, freshwater crocodiles, and crustaceans (prawns and crayfish). Aquatic resources are very important in hunting activities at Oriners (see 2.5.3 below). The following comments contain information about aquatic animal distributions, food species preferences (including the order in which people list species), and connectivity between aquatic habitats (notably in terms of barramundi). Ezra Michael noted the presence of freshwater shellfish in the Oriners Lagoon, and also identified key animals at Horseshoe: Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 69
Marcus Barber: What animals do you see at Horseshoe? Ezra Michael: Freshwater turtle, crocodile. We never used to swim in there. All we used to do is get a drink of water and for cooking. --------------------------------------- Crocodiles, that was what struck me more about Oriners was the crocodiles. Lots of crocodiles at Oriners and probably some of the biggest sand goannas I‟ve seen is up there on that Flying Fox [Lagoon} and through there [at Oriners]. David Hughes --------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: That day we went fishing to that waterhole we walked to near Oriners and you counted thirty freshwater crocs in that billabong. What kind of fish would you find there? I can remember that Paddy got a saratoga that day. What else would you find there? Philip Yam : Bream or catfish. Turtles. Marcus Barber: Is there any crayfish in a place like that? Philip Yam : You could get a crayfish bite your line, bait in there. You probably get a big prawn, you know? And probably a few redclaws. --------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: What kind of fish do you see up at Oriners? Edwin David: Jewfish, catfish, bream. --------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: If you are going fishing at Oriners, what kind of fish do you see? Paddy Yam: Catfish, saratoga --------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: Does that [Jewfish Lagoon] have barramundi in it? Ezra Michael: It‟s a big waterhole, but I never caught any barramundi there. Lot of crocs in that waterhole, freshwater crocs. Could be saltwater crocs too. Because the water from Jewfish runs into Coota Creek, and Coota Creek runs into the Alice. Marcus Barber: So there is barramundi in Horseshoe but not at Oriners. Do you know why that is? Ezra Michael: I don‟t know why. Because the water comes in from the inland, the rain. Water comes from the land, turns into the water hole, fills the waterhole up, then runs down again, runs out the water and all that. And then the water stays there, in the lagoon. Marcus Barber: You said there is barramundi in Horseshoe, where do they come from? Ezra Michael: There‟s a lot there. They are freshwater barramundi they will always be there. But not at Oriners, nothing there. Only bream, barracuda, catfish, perch and all that. Jewfish and all that. Jewfish, catfish, bream, perch, but no barramundi. Marcus Barber: Can the barramundi swim up to Oriners lagoon? Is it connecting through? Ezra Michael: I never seen any barramundi in Oriners lagoon. Only bream. Catfish, perch and all that. --------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: What else comes out of those billabongs? Philip Yam: Turtles, fish, you get catfish, bream, saratoga. Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 70
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T Working Knowledge: local ecologic
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CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..........
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5 Working knowledge: Conclusions an
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Figure 29. Mitchell catchment in fl
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Figure 68. 2004 Aerial Photograph o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project is the
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a report
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space for a complementary study emp
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cattlemen and the Hughes family, th
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As a contrast and complement, it is
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of people residing there during the
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the area for one or two seasons, bu
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Fire Frequency: for the Oriners are
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Strang then describes the story of
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emembered linguistic associations.
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Mystical/spiritual Scientific Perso
Page 33 and 34: ut your children will probably get
Page 35 and 36: 20 years, Cecil Hughes, the son of
Page 37 and 38: Robert Burns: I was walking around
Page 39 and 40: Corporation. 12 Viv Sinnamon provid
Page 41 and 42: The purchase process was a factor i
Page 43 and 44: Viv Sinnamon: Yeah, and when we had
Page 45 and 46: communities, Lockhardt [River] and
Page 47 and 48: 1.7 Oriners and the contemporary re
Page 49 and 50: management of country are not new.
Page 51 and 52: The above points demonstrate the va
Page 53 and 54: about forest and think of something
Page 55 and 56: Marcus Barber: Is that where Kowany
Page 57 and 58: -----------------------------------
Page 59 and 60: comes along with that, and where th
Page 61 and 62: Ivan Jimmy‟s brother Wilfred made
Page 63 and 64: Indigenous Australians are renowned
Page 65 and 66: Colin Hughes followed up his though
Page 67 and 68: Ezra Michael: I never heard it. No.
Page 69 and 70: Marcus Barber: So every time you we
Page 71 and 72: Figure 20. Oriners Lagoon in flood
Page 73 and 74: Figure 23. Large Woody Debris (LWD)
Page 75 and 76: Figure 24. Jeff Shellberg talks wit
Page 77 and 78: Figure 27. Mitchell catchment in fl
Page 79 and 80: 2.2.4 Permanent water and groundwat
Page 81 and 82: Marcus Barber: So do you know how d
Page 83: Marcus Barber: Does that happen at
Page 87 and 88: people are using the lagoon. Becaus
Page 89 and 90: that old black headed python. You g
Page 91 and 92: Marcus Barber: I was trying to find
Page 93 and 94: Major introduced animals at Oriners
Page 95 and 96: Colin Hughes: Oh there‟s just a l
Page 97 and 98: There was never too many [wild hors
Page 99 and 100: Cecil Hughes: Yes, you never saw th
Page 101 and 102: And they had special fish traps her
Page 103 and 104: Philip Yam: 3 or 4 times. A few tim
Page 105 and 106: Conversations with Philip Yam about
Page 107 and 108: Marcus Barber: so you have to get f
Page 109 and 110: 2.5.4 Cattlemen: working connection
Page 111 and 112: Edwin David Most of the older build
Page 113 and 114: spirits being reborn in new generat
Page 115 and 116: Marcus Barber: Phillip‟s son Max?
Page 117 and 118: necessary at some of the times they
Page 119 and 120: Marcus Barber: If it was a really w
Page 121 and 122: hobble the horse and camp out there
Page 123 and 124: Marcus Barber: So you were moving a
Page 125 and 126: Marcus Barber: Was the grass still
Page 127 and 128: Philip Yam: Drumduff. We got blamed
Page 129 and 130: purpose of fires needs to be very c
Page 131 and 132: Marcus Barber: But it‟s been ther
Page 133 and 134: Figure 38. Oriners station from the
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and it traverses some areas prone t
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2.7.1 Applying „Working Knowledge
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ochen (uy -) ojen (uy -) mujun (uy
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Oykangand Olkol Og Water ok Water o
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Other signs mark a broader seasonal
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The two comments from the Jimmy bro
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Average Monthly Rainfall (mm)_ 450
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demonstrated that cyclone landing f
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Figure 48. Geology of the catchment
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3.2.4 Soils The soils of the “for
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Figure 49. Soils of Oriners and Sef
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Figure 52. RAAF oblique photograph
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Annaly (A) Land System Lowlands on
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3.2.6 Soil erosion Soil erosion can
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Figure 56. Land use map of the Mitc
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larger valleys of Hoodoo and Sellar
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solutes from subsurface sedimentary
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3.2.10.2 Eight Mile valley near Ori
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Elevation (m) 180 160 140 120 100 8
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Figure 64. 1955 Aerial Photograph o
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pools like these are typically carv
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Figure 67. 1955 Aerial Photograph O
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Working Knowledge at Oriners Statio
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have also been defined as valley-bo
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Eucalyptus leptophleba (Mollow Red
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to manage vegetation and game, or f
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Figure 77. 1955 aerial photograph o
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Overall pig populations are poorly
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area can be obtained from the Queen
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degradation. Genuine restoration op
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Section 4.1 contains models of inte
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Figure 80. Model of Oriners landsca
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4.1.3 Late dry season Two key diffe
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eshape the elements in the same way
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Evidence from Section 2.6.4 and 3.2
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Figure 92. Oblique air photos of Ho
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The primary contexts for learning k
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Despite data limitation, there is e
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Marcus Barber: If you were to think
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Regional scale Neighbouring Statio
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Cotter, G. (1995). A study of the p
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Kowanyama Aboriginal Council (2003)
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Smart, J., K. G. Grimes, et al. (19
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7 GLOSSARY 38 Alkaline- having the
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Fluvial Megafan- a large (10 3 -10
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Potential Energy- the stored energy
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8 APPENDICES 8.1 Informed Consent F
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8.3 Wildlife Animal Species List fo
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Birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orienta
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Reptiles Crocodylidae Crocodylus jo
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Dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria montana
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Dicots Myrtaceae Neofabricia serici
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Monocots Poaceae Eriachne sp. C Mon
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