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2.1.1.3 Flow patterns Figure 15. Billabong downstream from Oriners Homestead. Oriners floods in the wet season, but it was consistently observed that they are not fast floods. The country is flat and the water drains away slowly to the west. Flood pulses in the region generally take 3 or 4 days to go down, and Oriners is consistent with this pattern. 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 have more detail on this point. It‟s pretty slow running all the drainage system out there [at Oriners], that‟s why it takes a long time to peak and a fair while to go away. In comparison to here [at Highbury], it‟s pretty, fairly flat country and it‟s out off the main creek. There‟s no big drainage lines, and what drainage lines are there are only shallow, like the 4 Mile and the Eight Mile and the 6 Mile. Only shallow drainage lines so it makes for, most of them are slow, very slow flowing water. Colin Hughes Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 41
--------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: when you saw that flood come up near the tree [at Oriners], how many days did that stay there. Was it for 2 months or? Philip Yam: Three days. And then it was all gone again. I was talking to old Nugget [Finch] once. I got him up here [to Oriners] to do some work here for me. It was in the wet. I went down on the quadbike, waited for him at the Eight Mile Creek there and he swam across, and I brought him up here. He said „you know one year I stayed here, coming back from Dixie. And the water was just lapping under the floor of that old [stockman‟s] quarters there. Just under the floor. I stayed here four days‟. --------------------------------------- Well I can remember Cecil [Hughes] saying that at Koolatah in ‟74 he had 14 blokes in row there over an 8 week period parked because when one [flood] went down another would come back up. It just depends where the rain falls and how much falls behind it. But most times, most places, its 3 or 4 days before goes down. Colin Hughes Other Indigenous cattlemen familiar with Oriners in flood, notably Edwin David and Ezra Michael, also reported that the flooding water moved slowly across the landscape adjacent to the station. 2.1.1.4 Soil type and stocking rates The soil of Oriners absorbs water and softens during the wet season. Combined with the flood regime, this affected where buildings could be sited. However the fragile soils also required careful management of stock numbers and excavation activities. Marcus Barber: what about the soil up there? Is that the same as here? Philip Yam: No, its different, that‟s all sandy country. There‟s a few places with good dirt in them, but most of them are all sand ridge, doesn‟t matter where you go, it‟s all sand ridges everywhere. Marcus Barber: What does that mean if you are trying to look after it? Are there different things you need to do? Philip Yam: Some of it you don‟t like digging in the place because you‟ll have holes. They‟ll get washed out. You don‟t want to have to take too much dirt off the top. You‟ll end up with creeks. Marcus Barber: So its easier to damage it because its sandier? Philip Yam: Yeah. A lot of that sand ridge country is really thin eh? Falls apart. You lose that [top] dirt, then it‟s all gone. It won‟t stay together for a long time, because sand ridge country is different. Soon as the top gone away, that‟s it. The water just keeps eating it out. --------------------------------------- David Hughes: Once you get onto the, start to get into that Alice forest country, about 12 mile out off the Mitchell, once you get into that forest there, you drop off. The strength of that country for cattle is halved, at least. So for instance on the best of the Mitchell, you run a beast [every] 18 acres. You go out on that Alice River, Crosbie, 8 Mile, any of that country, then you are back to a beast about [every] 45. Marcus Barber: What is it that limits it? David Hughes: Protein. There‟s plenty of grass, bulk grass, just no protein [in it]. So it‟s poor grazing country, it‟s light grazing country, it‟s country that is fragile, that‟s another word for it. And to be able to get the best out of it, you must understand it, because there is Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 42
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T Working Knowledge: local ecologic
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..........
Page 5 and 6: 5 Working knowledge: Conclusions an
Page 7 and 8: Figure 29. Mitchell catchment in fl
Page 9 and 10: Figure 68. 2004 Aerial Photograph o
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project is the
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a report
Page 15 and 16: space for a complementary study emp
Page 17 and 18: cattlemen and the Hughes family, th
Page 19 and 20: As a contrast and complement, it is
Page 21 and 22: of people residing there during the
Page 23 and 24: the area for one or two seasons, bu
Page 25 and 26: Fire Frequency: for the Oriners are
Page 27 and 28: Strang then describes the story of
Page 29 and 30: emembered linguistic associations.
Page 31 and 32: Mystical/spiritual Scientific Perso
Page 33 and 34: ut your children will probably get
Page 35 and 36: 20 years, Cecil Hughes, the son of
Page 37 and 38: Robert Burns: I was walking around
Page 39 and 40: Corporation. 12 Viv Sinnamon provid
Page 41 and 42: The purchase process was a factor i
Page 43 and 44: Viv Sinnamon: Yeah, and when we had
Page 45 and 46: communities, Lockhardt [River] and
Page 47 and 48: 1.7 Oriners and the contemporary re
Page 49 and 50: management of country are not new.
Page 51 and 52: The above points demonstrate the va
Page 53 and 54: about forest and think of something
Page 55: Marcus Barber: Is that where Kowany
Page 59 and 60: comes along with that, and where th
Page 61 and 62: Ivan Jimmy‟s brother Wilfred made
Page 63 and 64: Indigenous Australians are renowned
Page 65 and 66: Colin Hughes followed up his though
Page 67 and 68: Ezra Michael: I never heard it. No.
Page 69 and 70: Marcus Barber: So every time you we
Page 71 and 72: Figure 20. Oriners Lagoon in flood
Page 73 and 74: Figure 23. Large Woody Debris (LWD)
Page 75 and 76: Figure 24. Jeff Shellberg talks wit
Page 77 and 78: Figure 27. Mitchell catchment in fl
Page 79 and 80: 2.2.4 Permanent water and groundwat
Page 81 and 82: Marcus Barber: So do you know how d
Page 83 and 84: Marcus Barber: Does that happen at
Page 85 and 86: Marcus Barber: What animals do you
Page 87 and 88: people are using the lagoon. Becaus
Page 89 and 90: that old black headed python. You g
Page 91 and 92: Marcus Barber: I was trying to find
Page 93 and 94: Major introduced animals at Oriners
Page 95 and 96: Colin Hughes: Oh there‟s just a l
Page 97 and 98: There was never too many [wild hors
Page 99 and 100: Cecil Hughes: Yes, you never saw th
Page 101 and 102: And they had special fish traps her
Page 103 and 104: Philip Yam: 3 or 4 times. A few tim
Page 105 and 106: Conversations with Philip Yam about
Page 107 and 108:
Marcus Barber: so you have to get f
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2.5.4 Cattlemen: working connection
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Edwin David Most of the older build
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spirits being reborn in new generat
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Marcus Barber: Phillip‟s son Max?
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necessary at some of the times they
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Marcus Barber: If it was a really w
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hobble the horse and camp out there
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Marcus Barber: So you were moving a
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Marcus Barber: Was the grass still
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Philip Yam: Drumduff. We got blamed
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purpose of fires needs to be very c
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Marcus Barber: But it‟s been ther
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Figure 38. Oriners station from the
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and it traverses some areas prone t
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2.7.1 Applying „Working Knowledge
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ochen (uy -) ojen (uy -) mujun (uy
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Oykangand Olkol Og Water ok Water o
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Other signs mark a broader seasonal
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The two comments from the Jimmy bro
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Average Monthly Rainfall (mm)_ 450
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demonstrated that cyclone landing f
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Figure 48. Geology of the catchment
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3.2.4 Soils The soils of the “for
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Figure 49. Soils of Oriners and Sef
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Figure 52. RAAF oblique photograph
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Annaly (A) Land System Lowlands on
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3.2.6 Soil erosion Soil erosion can
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Figure 56. Land use map of the Mitc
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larger valleys of Hoodoo and Sellar
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solutes from subsurface sedimentary
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3.2.10.2 Eight Mile valley near Ori
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Elevation (m) 180 160 140 120 100 8
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Figure 64. 1955 Aerial Photograph o
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pools like these are typically carv
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Figure 67. 1955 Aerial Photograph O
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Working Knowledge at Oriners Statio
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have also been defined as valley-bo
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Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Eucalyptus leptophleba (Mollow Red
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to manage vegetation and game, or f
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Figure 77. 1955 aerial photograph o
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Overall pig populations are poorly
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area can be obtained from the Queen
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degradation. Genuine restoration op
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Section 4.1 contains models of inte
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Figure 80. Model of Oriners landsca
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4.1.3 Late dry season Two key diffe
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eshape the elements in the same way
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Evidence from Section 2.6.4 and 3.2
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Figure 92. Oblique air photos of Ho
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The primary contexts for learning k
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Despite data limitation, there is e
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Marcus Barber: If you were to think
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Regional scale Neighbouring Statio
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Cotter, G. (1995). A study of the p
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Kowanyama Aboriginal Council (2003)
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Smart, J., K. G. Grimes, et al. (19
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7 GLOSSARY 38 Alkaline- having the
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Fluvial Megafan- a large (10 3 -10
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Potential Energy- the stored energy
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8 APPENDICES 8.1 Informed Consent F
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8.3 Wildlife Animal Species List fo
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Birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orienta
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Reptiles Crocodylidae Crocodylus jo
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Dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria montana
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Dicots Myrtaceae Neofabricia serici
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Monocots Poaceae Eriachne sp. C Mon
Page 247:
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