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factors in explaining this situation. However, even with this context, the neglect of relatively expensive infrastructure at Oriners is a problematic feature of the recent period. As one Indigenous research participant in this study noted when viewing a photo of the current station: Look at that big empty house. Those sorts of things make it harder for Indigenous people. People say „look at all the blackfellers, they had their opportunity and they missed it. There is a renewed commitment from the KALNRMO to re-establishing a presence at Oriners, and there is now a designated KALNRMO staff member responsible for the property, with multiple visits made in each recent dry season. There has always been considerable enthusiasm amongst key members of the Oriners Mob to travel to and live and work on the station: [The first time I went to Oriners] I was just going up there for a holiday, with my aunties. I went up there for holiday, and to see what the place looked like. Then I find it was real better up there, you know, out in the bush. I really like it up there, and I worked up there, I worked up there until today, I still like to go back up there. Louie Native One further recent development is important to note here. In 2010, government funding led to the clearing of the path for a new road through the area. Intended to replace the current road coming from Dixie Station to Koolatah Station, this new road no longer runs past the Oriners buildings. The effect this will have on station infrastructure is unclear. On the one hand it will reduce the casual visits of passers-by and therefore potential theft and vandalisation from opportunists, but it will also reduce the chance that those entering Oriners will be observed by residents at the homestead. Given that the relative inaccessibility of Oriners has been both a logistical constraint and the major reason why it has retained much of its ecological integrity, the creation of a new road is a significant development. However perhaps more important are recent developments in the tenure regime of properties in the region. These changes, and their relationship to Oriners, are considered in the next section. Figure 14. Paddy Yam, Philip Yam, Ravin Greenwool and his son Delvin at the Oriners house in 2011. Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 31
1.7 Oriners and the contemporary regional NRM context The purchase of Oriners and the creation of the KALNRMO both occurred within a few years of one another. They were early public examples of the long term aspiration by the Kowanyama community and its component groups to independently manage their estates in a sustainable way. The KALNRMO has looked at models of Indigenous NRM elsewhere, particularly drawing on ideas from Native American contexts, to develop locally appropriate arrangements and activities. Indigenous land management is highly valued locally (Strang 1997: 105-107) and they are considered as carers and protectors of Indigenous traditions within a contemporary framework (Strang 1997:192). Since its inception, the KALNRMO has grown considerably in both size and in the increasing range and sophistication of its activities. As indicated in the historical context provided above, Oriners was a strong focus of attention in the first 10 years, growing rapidly before competition from other homelands, changes in key personnel, and logistical and resourcing difficulties intervened. In the context of the contemporary Cape and its NRM regimes, the maturity of KALNRMO operations and the commercial purchase of Oriners outlined in the previous section take on additional significance. In 2007, the Queensland government amended legislation to provide for a new class of protected area, called National Park (Cape York Peninsula Aboriginal Land) NP (CYPAL). This enabled existing National Parks, and a series of properties purchased by the State government, to revert to Indigenous land jointly managed in perpetuity as National Parks by a combination of local Indigenous owners and the QPWS. The Kowanyama people and the KALNRMO in particular have been a driving force in establishing appropriate local transfer and co-management arrangements under the CYPAL process, as they successfully completed the first transfer of an existing National Park, the Errk Oykangand NP (formerly the Alice-Mitchell NP), close to Kowanyama in 2009. The land surrounding the park is predominantly owned by the Kowanyama people and a total of three Indigenous people from landowning groups associated with Errk Oykangand 15 are employed as rangers by KALNRMO. These two factors demonstrated the potential for holistic management of the park, a crucial point in Kowanyama negotiations with DERM, alongside the existing land management track record of the KALNRMO. Ultimately, a steering committee consisting of traditional owners, Kowanyama Land Trust representatives, KALNRMO staff, and QPWS staff was agreed upon and this body now oversees planning and management decisions for Errk Oykangand. The overall budget is channelled through an Indigenous Management Agreement that incorporates resourcing for Kowanyama to develop management plans using their own consultants. These plans are then returned to the steering committee for evaluation and ratification. Notably, QPWS also provides the resources for one KALNRMO staff position focused on Errk Oykangand, rather than DERM employing the ranger directly. These aspects are important modifications to the CYPAL process as it was generally envisaged. According to KALNRMO staff, the presence of knowledgeable, experienced and committed local QPWS staff was crucial in reaching a successful agreement and to the success of early co-management operations. The Errk Oykangand arrangements reflect general Kowanyama aspirations for independent Indigenous land management and the capacity of the KALNRMO to deliver management outcomes, but the CYPAL context and Kowanyama engagement with it are important to the contemporary Oriners situation for other reasons. Under this „land dealing‟ process, a significant number of former pastoral properties in the Oriners area are intended to move back into Indigenous ownership. Kalinga station, at the eastern edge of Olkol speaking territory, has already reverted to a combination of Indigenous freehold land and the comanaged Alwal National Park (http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/parks/alwal/culture.html). Along with DERM staff and members of the Olkol residing elsewhere, some Kowanyama Olkol representatives are involved in negotiations about co-management and resourcing arrangements for Alwal, and it is likely that KALNRMO will again be directly involved in 15 Across the Mitchell River area, Aboriginal boundaries do not coincide with existing land tenure boundaries recognised by Australian law. Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 32
Page 1 and 2: T Working Knowledge: local ecologic
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..........
Page 5 and 6: 5 Working knowledge: Conclusions an
Page 7 and 8: Figure 29. Mitchell catchment in fl
Page 9 and 10: Figure 68. 2004 Aerial Photograph o
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project is the
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a report
Page 15 and 16: space for a complementary study emp
Page 17 and 18: cattlemen and the Hughes family, th
Page 19 and 20: As a contrast and complement, it is
Page 21 and 22: of people residing there during the
Page 23 and 24: the area for one or two seasons, bu
Page 25 and 26: Fire Frequency: for the Oriners are
Page 27 and 28: Strang then describes the story of
Page 29 and 30: emembered linguistic associations.
Page 31 and 32: Mystical/spiritual Scientific Perso
Page 33 and 34: ut your children will probably get
Page 35 and 36: 20 years, Cecil Hughes, the son of
Page 37 and 38: Robert Burns: I was walking around
Page 39 and 40: Corporation. 12 Viv Sinnamon provid
Page 41 and 42: The purchase process was a factor i
Page 43 and 44: Viv Sinnamon: Yeah, and when we had
Page 45: communities, Lockhardt [River] and
Page 49 and 50: management of country are not new.
Page 51 and 52: The above points demonstrate the va
Page 53 and 54: about forest and think of something
Page 55 and 56: Marcus Barber: Is that where Kowany
Page 57 and 58: -----------------------------------
Page 59 and 60: comes along with that, and where th
Page 61 and 62: Ivan Jimmy‟s brother Wilfred made
Page 63 and 64: Indigenous Australians are renowned
Page 65 and 66: Colin Hughes followed up his though
Page 67 and 68: Ezra Michael: I never heard it. No.
Page 69 and 70: Marcus Barber: So every time you we
Page 71 and 72: Figure 20. Oriners Lagoon in flood
Page 73 and 74: Figure 23. Large Woody Debris (LWD)
Page 75 and 76: Figure 24. Jeff Shellberg talks wit
Page 77 and 78: Figure 27. Mitchell catchment in fl
Page 79 and 80: 2.2.4 Permanent water and groundwat
Page 81 and 82: Marcus Barber: So do you know how d
Page 83 and 84: Marcus Barber: Does that happen at
Page 85 and 86: Marcus Barber: What animals do you
Page 87 and 88: people are using the lagoon. Becaus
Page 89 and 90: that old black headed python. You g
Page 91 and 92: Marcus Barber: I was trying to find
Page 93 and 94: Major introduced animals at Oriners
Page 95 and 96: Colin Hughes: Oh there‟s just a l
Page 97 and 98:
There was never too many [wild hors
Page 99 and 100:
Cecil Hughes: Yes, you never saw th
Page 101 and 102:
And they had special fish traps her
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Philip Yam: 3 or 4 times. A few tim
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Conversations with Philip Yam about
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Marcus Barber: so you have to get f
Page 109 and 110:
2.5.4 Cattlemen: working connection
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Edwin David Most of the older build
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spirits being reborn in new generat
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Marcus Barber: Phillip‟s son Max?
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necessary at some of the times they
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Marcus Barber: If it was a really w
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hobble the horse and camp out there
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Marcus Barber: So you were moving a
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Marcus Barber: Was the grass still
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Philip Yam: Drumduff. We got blamed
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purpose of fires needs to be very c
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Marcus Barber: But it‟s been ther
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Figure 38. Oriners station from the
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and it traverses some areas prone t
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2.7.1 Applying „Working Knowledge
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ochen (uy -) ojen (uy -) mujun (uy
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Oykangand Olkol Og Water ok Water o
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Other signs mark a broader seasonal
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The two comments from the Jimmy bro
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Average Monthly Rainfall (mm)_ 450
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demonstrated that cyclone landing f
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Figure 48. Geology of the catchment
Page 153 and 154:
3.2.4 Soils The soils of the “for
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Figure 49. Soils of Oriners and Sef
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 52. RAAF oblique photograph
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Annaly (A) Land System Lowlands on
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3.2.6 Soil erosion Soil erosion can
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Figure 56. Land use map of the Mitc
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larger valleys of Hoodoo and Sellar
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solutes from subsurface sedimentary
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3.2.10.2 Eight Mile valley near Ori
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Elevation (m) 180 160 140 120 100 8
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Figure 64. 1955 Aerial Photograph o
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pools like these are typically carv
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Figure 67. 1955 Aerial Photograph O
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Working Knowledge at Oriners Statio
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have also been defined as valley-bo
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Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Eucalyptus leptophleba (Mollow Red
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to manage vegetation and game, or f
Page 191 and 192:
Figure 77. 1955 aerial photograph o
Page 193 and 194:
Overall pig populations are poorly
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area can be obtained from the Queen
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degradation. Genuine restoration op
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Section 4.1 contains models of inte
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Figure 80. Model of Oriners landsca
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4.1.3 Late dry season Two key diffe
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eshape the elements in the same way
Page 207 and 208:
Evidence from Section 2.6.4 and 3.2
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Figure 92. Oblique air photos of Ho
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The primary contexts for learning k
Page 215 and 216:
Despite data limitation, there is e
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Marcus Barber: If you were to think
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Regional scale Neighbouring Statio
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Cotter, G. (1995). A study of the p
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Kowanyama Aboriginal Council (2003)
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Smart, J., K. G. Grimes, et al. (19
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7 GLOSSARY 38 Alkaline- having the
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Fluvial Megafan- a large (10 3 -10
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Potential Energy- the stored energy
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8 APPENDICES 8.1 Informed Consent F
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8.3 Wildlife Animal Species List fo
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Birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orienta
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Reptiles Crocodylidae Crocodylus jo
Page 241 and 242:
Dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria montana
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Dicots Myrtaceae Neofabricia serici
Page 245 and 246:
Monocots Poaceae Eriachne sp. C Mon
Page 247:
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