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the end of the dry season. 37 However that capacity is dependent on factors operating at other times of year, and cumulatively between years, and, as was noted in the introduction, the models in Section 4.2 are not specified in time in the same way as the broader hierarchical seasonal models in Section 4.1. Those broader models contain human activities, animal behaviours, and landscape processes that are significant to lagoon volumes, but are condensed and summarised into just a few elements in the models which follow. 4.2.2 Oriners Lagoon Figure 86 below is a conceptual model of the complexities of water and sediment inputs and outputs at Oriners Lagoon, which builds off analyses in Sections 3.2.10.5 and 3.2.10.6. The model contains inputs and outputs, and the thickest lines represent the strongest linkages. The direction of the arrows represents the dominant direction of influence, and most linkages could be either positive or negative influences if the controlling factor is increased or decreased. Rainfall and resultant runoff is the main independent control on Oriners water volume, but that rainfall can vary annually, seasonally and daily, and the amount that flows into the lagoon is affected by a range of factors, notably land use and vegetation cover influences on the runoff of rain that does fall. The flows from the Eight Mile Creek dominate both water and sediment inflow, but sediment from additional sources such as road and local gully erosion are becoming increasingly significant. The height of the downstream sill plays a significant role in determining the water storage volume of the reservoir (but it may have multiple effects – see Section 3.2.10.6) and evaporation and transpiration are major natural processes lowering the water level over the dry season. Figure 86. Model of factors affecting water volume and storage capacity at Oriners Lagoon. 37 This is particularly important given the design flaws and therefore failure of the water tank system of storage attached to the house (1.6.5). Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 191
Evidence from Section 2.6.4 and 3.2.10.5 as well as other comments during fieldwork visits indicates that the sill heights and sand bars of Oriners Lagoon have altered significantly in recent years, with negative effects on lagoon volume. Rainfall and flood levels are uncontrollable by human managers and major influence over the course of the Eight Mile Creek would require large scale interventions that are both impractical and undesirable. Taking this into account, Figure 86 and other information in the report suggests that human management attention may be best directed towards minimising road sediment inputs, investigating the significance of downstream sill height and sill vegetation in maintaining and improving lagoon volume, and improving land use (minimising grazing, undertaking appropriate fire regimes, and managing weeds). Currently, human water use at the station is not a significant factor in overall volumes, but this may change if residential use increases significantly in the years to come. However, appropriate management actions by human residents may more than offset the increased domestic water usage that such residence would require. 4.2.3 Jewfish Lagoon Jewfish Lagoon lies 25 km downstream from the Oriners Homestead, along the course of a large anabranch of Eight Mile Creek, but not the largest anabranch 500m to the north that transports more sand bedload. Mosquito, another of these significant permanent lagoons, lies 4 km upstream of Jewfish along the same secondary anabranch channel. Although not a homestead site with direct human residential usage, Jewfish has considerable historical, cultural, and subsistence importance to Oriners Mob people who utilize it seasonally (see 1.5.3). Figure 87. Jewfish Lagoon looking upstream. While direct human impacts on water quantity and quality at Jewfish are less than Oriners due to lack of residential use, other human impacts such as roads and enhanced gully erosion do impact Jewfish. The main dirt road/track along the Eight Mile valley through the Oriners property crosses the creek immediately upstream of Jewfish lagoon. Recently this road been widened in preparations of development upgrades in 2012/2013 and is already Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 192
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T Working Knowledge: local ecologic
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CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..........
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5 Working knowledge: Conclusions an
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Figure 29. Mitchell catchment in fl
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Figure 68. 2004 Aerial Photograph o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project is the
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a report
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space for a complementary study emp
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cattlemen and the Hughes family, th
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As a contrast and complement, it is
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of people residing there during the
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the area for one or two seasons, bu
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Fire Frequency: for the Oriners are
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Strang then describes the story of
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emembered linguistic associations.
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Mystical/spiritual Scientific Perso
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ut your children will probably get
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20 years, Cecil Hughes, the son of
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Robert Burns: I was walking around
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Corporation. 12 Viv Sinnamon provid
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The purchase process was a factor i
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Viv Sinnamon: Yeah, and when we had
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communities, Lockhardt [River] and
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1.7 Oriners and the contemporary re
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management of country are not new.
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The above points demonstrate the va
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about forest and think of something
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Marcus Barber: Is that where Kowany
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-----------------------------------
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comes along with that, and where th
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Ivan Jimmy‟s brother Wilfred made
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Indigenous Australians are renowned
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Colin Hughes followed up his though
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Ezra Michael: I never heard it. No.
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Marcus Barber: So every time you we
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Figure 20. Oriners Lagoon in flood
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Figure 23. Large Woody Debris (LWD)
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Figure 24. Jeff Shellberg talks wit
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Figure 27. Mitchell catchment in fl
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2.2.4 Permanent water and groundwat
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Marcus Barber: So do you know how d
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Marcus Barber: Does that happen at
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Marcus Barber: What animals do you
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people are using the lagoon. Becaus
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that old black headed python. You g
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Marcus Barber: I was trying to find
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Major introduced animals at Oriners
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Colin Hughes: Oh there‟s just a l
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There was never too many [wild hors
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Cecil Hughes: Yes, you never saw th
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And they had special fish traps her
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Philip Yam: 3 or 4 times. A few tim
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Conversations with Philip Yam about
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Marcus Barber: so you have to get f
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2.5.4 Cattlemen: working connection
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Edwin David Most of the older build
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spirits being reborn in new generat
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Marcus Barber: Phillip‟s son Max?
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necessary at some of the times they
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Marcus Barber: If it was a really w
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hobble the horse and camp out there
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Marcus Barber: So you were moving a
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Marcus Barber: Was the grass still
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Philip Yam: Drumduff. We got blamed
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purpose of fires needs to be very c
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Marcus Barber: But it‟s been ther
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Figure 38. Oriners station from the
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and it traverses some areas prone t
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2.7.1 Applying „Working Knowledge
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ochen (uy -) ojen (uy -) mujun (uy
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Oykangand Olkol Og Water ok Water o
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Other signs mark a broader seasonal
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The two comments from the Jimmy bro
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Average Monthly Rainfall (mm)_ 450
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demonstrated that cyclone landing f
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Figure 48. Geology of the catchment
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3.2.4 Soils The soils of the “for
Page 155 and 156: Figure 49. Soils of Oriners and Sef
Page 157 and 158: Figure 52. RAAF oblique photograph
Page 159 and 160: Annaly (A) Land System Lowlands on
Page 161 and 162: 3.2.6 Soil erosion Soil erosion can
Page 163 and 164: Figure 56. Land use map of the Mitc
Page 165 and 166: larger valleys of Hoodoo and Sellar
Page 167 and 168: solutes from subsurface sedimentary
Page 169 and 170: 3.2.10.2 Eight Mile valley near Ori
Page 171 and 172: Elevation (m) 180 160 140 120 100 8
Page 173 and 174: Figure 64. 1955 Aerial Photograph o
Page 175 and 176: pools like these are typically carv
Page 177 and 178: Figure 67. 1955 Aerial Photograph O
Page 179 and 180: Working Knowledge at Oriners Statio
Page 181 and 182: have also been defined as valley-bo
Page 187 and 188: Eucalyptus leptophleba (Mollow Red
Page 189 and 190: to manage vegetation and game, or f
Page 191 and 192: Figure 77. 1955 aerial photograph o
Page 193 and 194: Overall pig populations are poorly
Page 195 and 196: area can be obtained from the Queen
Page 197 and 198: degradation. Genuine restoration op
Page 199 and 200: Section 4.1 contains models of inte
Page 201 and 202: Figure 80. Model of Oriners landsca
Page 203 and 204: 4.1.3 Late dry season Two key diffe
Page 205: eshape the elements in the same way
Page 211 and 212: Figure 92. Oblique air photos of Ho
Page 213 and 214: The primary contexts for learning k
Page 215 and 216: Despite data limitation, there is e
Page 217 and 218: Marcus Barber: If you were to think
Page 219 and 220: Regional scale Neighbouring Statio
Page 221 and 222: Cotter, G. (1995). A study of the p
Page 223 and 224: Kowanyama Aboriginal Council (2003)
Page 225 and 226: Smart, J., K. G. Grimes, et al. (19
Page 227 and 228: 7 GLOSSARY 38 Alkaline- having the
Page 229 and 230: Fluvial Megafan- a large (10 3 -10
Page 231 and 232: Potential Energy- the stored energy
Page 233 and 234: 8 APPENDICES 8.1 Informed Consent F
Page 235 and 236: 8.3 Wildlife Animal Species List fo
Page 237 and 238: Birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orienta
Page 239 and 240: Reptiles Crocodylidae Crocodylus jo
Page 241 and 242: Dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria montana
Page 243 and 244: Dicots Myrtaceae Neofabricia serici
Page 245 and 246: Monocots Poaceae Eriachne sp. C Mon
Page 247: Working Knowledge at Oriners Statio
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