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Robert Burns: Cane toads? They started here, Laura in ‟49. A woman… Fred Coleman: she brought them up. Put them on her garden. Robert Burns: In the 60s… Michael Ross: Oh, they walk along the roads, hitchhike them fellers. Marcus Barber: So can you remember that country when there was no toads? Robert Burns: There was no toads there for years! Marcus Barber: Can you remember what year the toads came to Oriners? Was it 40s or 50s? Michael Ross: Sixties. Robert Burns: [Inaudible word] down the track in 1966. Michael Ross: Well they must have been in that country in the 1960s. Robert Burns: They were killing a lot of fish there Fred Coleman: Wiping out all the goannas and snakes. Now there‟s plenty around Michael Ross: They come back now. Robert Burns: They come back, they are coming back now. Marcus Barber: So the toads came in around mid sixties. Did anything else die? Did the pigs eat the toads or was it just the fish and the goannas and the snakes? Michael Ross: Hawk. The hawk he turn them over. Robert Burns: Hawk Michael Ross: He turn them over and he don‟t take that back Fred Coleman: Crow. Michael Ross: He eats the poison and everything! He greedy feller he eats the lot! Turn them over and eat the inside Fred Coleman: [the crow] cracked the code: turn „em over. Snake and goanna they just grab them and finished [died]. Marcus Barber: So when the goannas and fish died away, did the birds all die off too? Fred Coleman: No. Michael Ross: They know how to eat him. Fred Coleman: They probably die of old age, or get shot or poisoned. --------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: What about cane toads? Cecil Hughes: The cane toads came, not quite sure, somewhere in the 60s. They cleared all the snakes out, goannas, killed a lot of fish in the waterholes. In these big lagoons you‟d see all the fish floating. When they arrived first is when they did the most damage. I think the goannas and the snakes, the brown snakes are coming back now they tell me, but the toads certainly cleaned them out for a start. Marcus Barber: What about goannas? Did you see them recover by the time you moved off the property or were they still low? Cecil Hughes: Not really. You never saw…goannas were quite prevalent out there until the toads came, then you never saw a goanna for a number of years and they gradually sort of come back. Marcus Barber: But when you left they were still low? Long after the toads arrived? Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 83
Cecil Hughes: Yes, you never saw them. --------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: Were there still goannas in that country? Paddy Yam: Yes. Marcus Barber: Because Cecil was talking about the cane toads coming, when the cane toads came. Paddy Yam: Oh he was still there [when the toads came], that old feller [Cecil Hughes]]. You couldn‟t find any goannas. They were killing „em. Young feller comes [to Koolatah], David [Hughes]. David said „hey what‟s killing all them goannas?‟ Where? There along the ridge there. He chase one and kill one. He was the man, running that place then. Marcus Barber: So what else happened when the cane toads came? Paddy Yam: Not even a blue tongue. [You] could not see them. Wanguw. 27 [You] could not even see where they gone. Now they all gone. Seen a few fish. Same goanna where getting away. Marcus Barber: Cecil said some of the fish were dying from eating the small ones. Paddy Yam: Eating the small ones yeah. [But] they get used to it, them fish, and they know that toad, that its poison, so they won‟t touch it. Even the goanna, they won‟t touch it. [There are] goannas everywhere now - bluetongue, wanguw. --------------------------------------- Marcus Barber: Did you see goannas and things around when you were mustering Oriners in the 80s? Colin Hughes: No. You‟d hardly see any. Even snakes for that matter. Snakes and goannas. Probably [for] 6 or 8 years. [Now] the old goannas are back in force. I guess they‟ve become immune to them [the toads] or worked out how to eat them. Marcus Barber: So from your point of view it is only really in the last ten years or so that that recovery has happened? Colin Hughes: Yeah. There is a clear and consistent pattern in the comments above across both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous cattlemen. The toads arrived in the area in the 1960s, dramatically decreasing the population of a range of reptile species in such a way that the population recovery has only occurred relatively recently. Michael Ross, Robert Burns, and Fred Coleman felt that the effect on bird species was less severe as they had learned how to avoid the animals, or eat the animals in such a way as to avoid the poison. In 2.2.5 Paddy Yam commented that the fish had rapidly learned to avoid juvenile toads after their initial arrival had caused mass fish kills. However rather than just a general recovery, Viv Sinnamon described the regional increase in reptile numbers as an „explosion‟: That cane toad thing, we‟ve always thought of Oriners as having a higher population of goannas than Kowanyama. Right now, down on the coast there has been an incredible increase. Well generally there has been an increase in goannas, but down on the coast there has been an explosion. And there has also been more blue tongue lizards seen in the last 3 years than have been seen in the last 20 years. So both lizards are doing pretty well. Whether it‟s the cane toads or something else I don‟t know. Cane toads occupy burrows whether or not you eat them. They occupy burrows, so how they‟re getting around that issue I don‟t know. Because anything that lives inside a burrow with babies is in trouble, 27 Tree goanna, Varanus tristis Working Knowledge at Oriners Station, Cape York 84
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T Working Knowledge: local ecologic
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CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..........
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5 Working knowledge: Conclusions an
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Figure 29. Mitchell catchment in fl
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Figure 68. 2004 Aerial Photograph o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project is the
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a report
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space for a complementary study emp
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cattlemen and the Hughes family, th
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As a contrast and complement, it is
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of people residing there during the
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the area for one or two seasons, bu
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Fire Frequency: for the Oriners are
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Strang then describes the story of
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emembered linguistic associations.
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Mystical/spiritual Scientific Perso
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ut your children will probably get
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20 years, Cecil Hughes, the son of
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Robert Burns: I was walking around
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Corporation. 12 Viv Sinnamon provid
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The purchase process was a factor i
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Viv Sinnamon: Yeah, and when we had
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communities, Lockhardt [River] and
Page 47 and 48: 1.7 Oriners and the contemporary re
Page 49 and 50: management of country are not new.
Page 51 and 52: The above points demonstrate the va
Page 53 and 54: about forest and think of something
Page 55 and 56: Marcus Barber: Is that where Kowany
Page 57 and 58: -----------------------------------
Page 59 and 60: comes along with that, and where th
Page 61 and 62: Ivan Jimmy‟s brother Wilfred made
Page 63 and 64: Indigenous Australians are renowned
Page 65 and 66: Colin Hughes followed up his though
Page 67 and 68: Ezra Michael: I never heard it. No.
Page 69 and 70: Marcus Barber: So every time you we
Page 71 and 72: Figure 20. Oriners Lagoon in flood
Page 73 and 74: Figure 23. Large Woody Debris (LWD)
Page 75 and 76: Figure 24. Jeff Shellberg talks wit
Page 77 and 78: Figure 27. Mitchell catchment in fl
Page 79 and 80: 2.2.4 Permanent water and groundwat
Page 81 and 82: Marcus Barber: So do you know how d
Page 83 and 84: Marcus Barber: Does that happen at
Page 85 and 86: Marcus Barber: What animals do you
Page 87 and 88: people are using the lagoon. Becaus
Page 89 and 90: that old black headed python. You g
Page 91 and 92: Marcus Barber: I was trying to find
Page 93 and 94: Major introduced animals at Oriners
Page 95 and 96: Colin Hughes: Oh there‟s just a l
Page 97: There was never too many [wild hors
Page 101 and 102: And they had special fish traps her
Page 103 and 104: Philip Yam: 3 or 4 times. A few tim
Page 105 and 106: Conversations with Philip Yam about
Page 107 and 108: Marcus Barber: so you have to get f
Page 109 and 110: 2.5.4 Cattlemen: working connection
Page 111 and 112: Edwin David Most of the older build
Page 113 and 114: spirits being reborn in new generat
Page 115 and 116: Marcus Barber: Phillip‟s son Max?
Page 117 and 118: necessary at some of the times they
Page 119 and 120: Marcus Barber: If it was a really w
Page 121 and 122: hobble the horse and camp out there
Page 123 and 124: Marcus Barber: So you were moving a
Page 125 and 126: Marcus Barber: Was the grass still
Page 127 and 128: Philip Yam: Drumduff. We got blamed
Page 129 and 130: purpose of fires needs to be very c
Page 131 and 132: Marcus Barber: But it‟s been ther
Page 133 and 134: Figure 38. Oriners station from the
Page 135 and 136: and it traverses some areas prone t
Page 137 and 138: 2.7.1 Applying „Working Knowledge
Page 139 and 140: ochen (uy -) ojen (uy -) mujun (uy
Page 141 and 142: Oykangand Olkol Og Water ok Water o
Page 143 and 144: Other signs mark a broader seasonal
Page 145 and 146: The two comments from the Jimmy bro
Page 147 and 148: Average Monthly Rainfall (mm)_ 450
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demonstrated that cyclone landing f
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Figure 48. Geology of the catchment
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3.2.4 Soils The soils of the “for
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Figure 49. Soils of Oriners and Sef
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Figure 52. RAAF oblique photograph
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Annaly (A) Land System Lowlands on
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3.2.6 Soil erosion Soil erosion can
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Figure 56. Land use map of the Mitc
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larger valleys of Hoodoo and Sellar
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solutes from subsurface sedimentary
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3.2.10.2 Eight Mile valley near Ori
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Elevation (m) 180 160 140 120 100 8
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Figure 64. 1955 Aerial Photograph o
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pools like these are typically carv
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Figure 67. 1955 Aerial Photograph O
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Working Knowledge at Oriners Statio
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have also been defined as valley-bo
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Eucalyptus leptophleba (Mollow Red
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to manage vegetation and game, or f
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Figure 77. 1955 aerial photograph o
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Overall pig populations are poorly
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area can be obtained from the Queen
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degradation. Genuine restoration op
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Section 4.1 contains models of inte
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Figure 80. Model of Oriners landsca
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4.1.3 Late dry season Two key diffe
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eshape the elements in the same way
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Evidence from Section 2.6.4 and 3.2
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Figure 92. Oblique air photos of Ho
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The primary contexts for learning k
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Despite data limitation, there is e
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Marcus Barber: If you were to think
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Regional scale Neighbouring Statio
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Cotter, G. (1995). A study of the p
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Kowanyama Aboriginal Council (2003)
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Smart, J., K. G. Grimes, et al. (19
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7 GLOSSARY 38 Alkaline- having the
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Fluvial Megafan- a large (10 3 -10
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Potential Energy- the stored energy
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8 APPENDICES 8.1 Informed Consent F
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8.3 Wildlife Animal Species List fo
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Birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orienta
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Reptiles Crocodylidae Crocodylus jo
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Dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria montana
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Dicots Myrtaceae Neofabricia serici
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Monocots Poaceae Eriachne sp. C Mon
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