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Appearance schema - beliefs about overall appearance and visible difference Stable coping group Responses from this group suggested the ability to maintain positive beliefs about overall appearance, which accommodated visible differences. This occurred in a context of appearance schemata with multiple dimensions and within which visible difference was peripheral. . “I just don’t consider it to be a disfigurement” (05/clin/1047/ent-sw) “there’s no option but to accept it and move on..and I think I can’t remove it. It’s me now. I can’t change it so live with it” (05/clin/1052/ent-sw) Stable distressed group This group were concerned about visible difference, which was more central to their view of their appearance, and held negative views about the way they look. They also held negative views about visible difference. “What, how it makes me feel? A lot of the times I wish my sister hadn’t saved me, a lot of the times I think to myself I wish they'd taken it off. I mean like if I'm getting dressed to go out I'll stand in front of the mirror and I'll look at myself and think what would I look like if I was normal, why has it happened to me....” 03/clin/1017/plast-rals “I feel ugly, I feel really really ugly. Just other people looking at me, how I feel in myself, it sort of like a self conscious thing” (03/clin/1016/derm-barns) . 2. Cognitive appraisals & attributions Appraising events – others reactions to self Stable coping group This group described external attributions for others’ reactions to visible difference: “well it varies…you look different, also they think your burns are disgusting as well, they think somehow they are contagious… and they are just generally bigots mate but some are a bit slow, they live in a boring little town” (01/clin/0048/pla) Stable distressed group 106
This group tended to advance internal attributions for others’ reactions to visible difference, and to personalise these responses. “It's as though I'm making other people uncomfortable as well as me being uncomfortable ...” (03/clin/1016/derm-barns) Appraising self – in relation to others Stable coping group This group tended to make downward social comparisions with others – both to other people with disfigurement and to other people more generally, emphasising that they were often in a better position than others. “there’s always someone worse off than yourself, you see it all the time and you thank your lucky stars you’re not there...you’ve got to do this” (05/clin/1047/entsw) Stable distressed group This group showed an idealised view of others and those with no visible difference. “I think I've let it get on top of me and I think I'm weak for letting that happen because when you see other people on, you know if you look at other people on the telly or things like that, if you see other people on the telly or you hear stories about what other people have gone through you're thinking, I sometimes get angry with myself thinking you're an idiot, not pathetic, you're just silly for letting it get on top of you, apart from my skin and my asthma, I've got other things, other health problems I've got, they're not limiting, I think I've been limiting myself, you know” 03/clin/1016/derm-barns 3. Appraising self – perceived efficacy to cope with appearance-related difficulties Stable coping group This group recognised their difficulties as ongoing and demanding but within their control. They sought to overcome challenges, and recognised that positive adjustment required personal resources and taking an active role in coping, employing a range of behavioural and cognitive strategies. The concept of self-efficacy distinguishes well between this group and the stable distressed group. The latter group reported less sense of their ability to successfully adapt to issues affecting their lives. 107
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Identifying the psychosocial factor
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Follow-on Studies: Emma Halliwell,
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Warwick Site (Lead: Dr. Rodger Char
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SECTION 3 Page OVERALL SYNTHESIS OF
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Study 3 3.1 Response rates for resp
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Introduction EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This
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The Impact of Appearance-Related Di
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Research Further investigation shou
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Participants were recruited from ho
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BACKGROUND & RATIONALE FOR THE RESE
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The challenge of developing compreh
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STAGE ONE (Inputs/Predisposing Fact
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In order to address the first aim o
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Role of the advisory panel in the r
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credit is due to Anjte Lindenmeyer,
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INTRODUCTION The largest part of th
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South West (via the Bristol site) a
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INPUTS/ PREDISPOSING FACTORS Age Ge
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Appearance-related processing Valen
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Anger/hostility The Refined Aggress
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RESULTS Due to the size of the data
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Figure 4.1(b) Comparative box-and-w
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Table 4.2 Correlation of quantitati
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Table 5.1(c) Frequency of number of
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Table 6.1(a) Frequency and percenta
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Table 7.1 summarises the degree of
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Figure 7.1(a): Scores on the DAS 24
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10.1 Appearance-related Social Anxi
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HADS Anxiety, and the relative magn
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10.4 Aggression When entering the v
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elatively small but statistically s
Page 68 and 69: 11. Clinic Specific Data In order t
Page 70 and 71: Table 11.3: Percentage of participa
Page 72 and 73: anxiety was in the low to mild rang
Page 74 and 75: Visibility and areas of concern The
Page 76 and 77: affect and 46% for both anxiety and
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Page 80 and 81: Information Attention Encoding/Stor
Page 82 and 83: such as shame, were omitted. Where
Page 84 and 85: RATIONALE In an attempt to offer pa
Page 86 and 87: FINDINGS Theme I. Descriptive Accou
Page 88 and 89: easts made her ‘flat chested’ a
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Page 92 and 93: them noticing: ‘I try to hide my
Page 94 and 95: 5.) Time Structures What was striki
Page 97 and 98: STUDY 3 LONGITUDINAL QUANTITATIVE S
Page 99 and 100: Table 3.1 Response rates for respon
Page 101 and 102: Table 3.4 Regression Model for DAS2
Page 103 and 104: Table 3.6 Regression Model for Depr
Page 105 and 106: Table 3.8 Regression Model for Posi
Page 107 and 108: 0.016), and optimism (r = -0.183, n
Page 109: and follow up). However, focusing o
Page 112 and 113: SUMMARY • Twenty-six participants
Page 114 and 115: There were ten well adjusted stable
Page 116 and 117: Stage 1 - predisposing factors - ch
Page 120 and 121: “I’m in charge ...I think that
Page 122 and 123: “Only when people don’t underst
Page 124 and 125: appearance anxiety and coping with
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Page 128 and 129: 116
Page 130 and 131: SUMMARY • This study aimed to exp
Page 132 and 133: A focus group methodology was chose
Page 134 and 135: any situation. Strategies involved
Page 136 and 137: CONCLUSIONS Whereas previous resear
Page 138 and 139: SUMMARY • Nine focus group interv
Page 140 and 141: RESULTS Eight key themes were ident
Page 142 and 143: 2e. Medical Interpretation There wa
Page 144 and 145: “I think I am nicer to a person w
Page 146 and 147: 6d. Generational differences Elders
Page 148 and 149: • The myths about the foetal diso
Page 150 and 151: SUMMARY • Vitiligo is a condition
Page 152 and 153: identified themselves as South Asia
Page 154 and 155: “…my parents would have been de
Page 156 and 157: 2a. Appearance shame and disgust Ma
Page 158 and 159: much…sometimes I just want to bec
Page 160 and 161: For respondents like AA (described
Page 162 and 163: study 6, that in addition to indivi
Page 164 and 165: AIMS The aims of this study were to
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SUMMARY • Participants (n=38) too
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leaving 82 invitations not responde
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The vignettes alternated between de
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162
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SUMMARY • The study involved the
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METHOD Participants Student sample
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Clinic attendees On the anxiety sub
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170
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SUMMARY • Semi-structured intervi
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Seven key themes were identified an
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“I've heard tell that a lot of pe
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4. Physical adaptation From so smal
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6. Emotional impact & Emotional sup
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182
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SUMMARY • This study investigates
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Table 12.1 Demographic data by grou
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variance in anxious mood was accoun
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appearance of younger people (Harri
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SUMMARY • This study is recruitin
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METHOD Participants GPs from across
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196
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The results of each study have been
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Others expressed dissatisfaction wi
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Age Gender Ethnicity Relationship s
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Whilst the main thrust of this rese
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a strong evidence base in other are
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Nurses in a counseling role, clinic
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210
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This series of studies represents t
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Ben-Tovim, D.I. and Walker, M.K. (1
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Crocker, J., Voelkl, K., Testa, M.
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Greenberg, L. S. and Safran, J. D.
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Macgregor, F., Abel, T.M., Brut, A.
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Pollard, L., Choy, E.H. and Scott,
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Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. and Bri
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Wright, G.E., Parker, J.C., Smarr,
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