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Table 5.1(c) Frequency of number of areas reported as sensitive according to gender. None Marked One Two Three Four Five 6 or more Total Female N 95 201 153 134 90 73 121 867 % 11.0 23.2 17.6 15.5 10.4 8.4 14.0 100 Male N 77 113 58 33 24 11 38 354 % 21.8 31.9 16.4 9.3 6.8 3.1 10.7 100 In relation to the number of areas reported as sensitive, the application of the chi-square test of association indicates that there are statistically significant differences in the profiles between male and female ( = 51.21, df = 6, p < .001) with females reporting considerably more areas of concern and with a statistically significant linear component ( = 33.99, df = 1, p < .001). See Table 5.1(c) for frequencies. Table 5.1(d) Mean values for outcome measures by visibility to others Visible/non N DAS24 Anxiety Depression Aggression Positive Negative visible Affect Affect Female Yes 404 46.67(15.45) 9.26(4.70) 5.55(3.82) 26.03(9.42) 30.52(8.82) 21.73(9.05) No 460 43.44(16.67) 8.15(4.52) 4.81(3.73) 24.21(9.35) 31.46(8.99) 19.80(8.52) Male Yes 165 38.32(15.03) 7.62(4.35) 5.43(3.93) 26.52(9.32) 31.92(9.06) 19.66(8.02) No 188 33.72(13.82) 6.40(4.33) 4.56(3.54) 25.68(8.82) 34.16(7.93) 17.18(7.26) * 48 = missing data Two-way ANOVAs show that females report significantly poorer mean values than males on DAS24, HADS Anxiety, Positive Affect and Negative Affect (p < .001, in all cases) and those with a visible concern report significantly poorer mean values on DAS24, HADS Anxiety, HADS Depression, Positive Affect and Negative Affect (p < .001, all cases) and on Aggression (p = .024) 5.2 Age Table 5.2(a) summarises the extent of the correlation between age and each outcome measure according to gender. In all cases the correlations reported are statistically significant correlations (p < .001). Table 5.2(a) Correlation of outcome variables with age DAS24 Anxiety Depression Aggression Positive Affect Negative Affect N Female -.325 -.209 -.068 -.321 .121 -.272 865 Male -.393 -.210 -.124 -.277 .000 -.292 351 40
Figure 5.2 DAS 24 against age Significant negative correlations were found between age and DAS24, anxiety, depression, aggression and negative affect for the whole sample. 6. Visibility and Areas of Concern 6.1 Area of concern Participants were asked to indicate all areas of the body about which they had concern (see appendix 8). Some participants reported only one area and others recorded multiple areas of concern. The frequency with which participants reported each area and percentages of participants reporting each area are presented in Table 6.1(a). Sixty five percent had concerns about an area normally visible to others (including forehead, ears, eyes, nose, mouth, hands or cheeks). Some participants indicated more than one area of the body and accordingly the frequency does not equal the overall sample size. 41
Page 1: Identifying the psychosocial factor
Page 4 and 5: Follow-on Studies: Emma Halliwell,
Page 6 and 7: Warwick Site (Lead: Dr. Rodger Char
Page 8 and 9: SECTION 3 Page OVERALL SYNTHESIS OF
Page 10 and 11: Study 3 3.1 Response rates for resp
Page 13 and 14: Introduction EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This
Page 15 and 16: The Impact of Appearance-Related Di
Page 17: Research Further investigation shou
Page 20 and 21: Participants were recruited from ho
Page 23 and 24: BACKGROUND & RATIONALE FOR THE RESE
Page 25 and 26: The challenge of developing compreh
Page 27 and 28: STAGE ONE (Inputs/Predisposing Fact
Page 29 and 30: In order to address the first aim o
Page 31 and 32: Role of the advisory panel in the r
Page 33: credit is due to Anjte Lindenmeyer,
Page 36 and 37: INTRODUCTION The largest part of th
Page 38 and 39: South West (via the Bristol site) a
Page 40 and 41: INPUTS/ PREDISPOSING FACTORS Age Ge
Page 42 and 43: Appearance-related processing Valen
Page 44 and 45: Anger/hostility The Refined Aggress
Page 46 and 47: RESULTS Due to the size of the data
Page 48 and 49: Figure 4.1(b) Comparative box-and-w
Page 50 and 51: Table 4.2 Correlation of quantitati
Page 54 and 55: Table 6.1(a) Frequency and percenta
Page 56 and 57: Table 7.1 summarises the degree of
Page 58 and 59: Figure 7.1(a): Scores on the DAS 24
Page 60 and 61: 10.1 Appearance-related Social Anxi
Page 62 and 63: HADS Anxiety, and the relative magn
Page 64 and 65: 10.4 Aggression When entering the v
Page 66 and 67: elatively small but statistically s
Page 68 and 69: 11. Clinic Specific Data In order t
Page 70 and 71: Table 11.3: Percentage of participa
Page 72 and 73: anxiety was in the low to mild rang
Page 74 and 75: Visibility and areas of concern The
Page 76 and 77: affect and 46% for both anxiety and
Page 78 and 79: likely they are to have difficultie
Page 80 and 81: Information Attention Encoding/Stor
Page 82 and 83: such as shame, were omitted. Where
Page 84 and 85: RATIONALE In an attempt to offer pa
Page 86 and 87: FINDINGS Theme I. Descriptive Accou
Page 88 and 89: easts made her ‘flat chested’ a
Page 90 and 91: confidence to other people’s reac
Page 92 and 93: them noticing: ‘I try to hide my
Page 94 and 95: 5.) Time Structures What was striki
Page 97 and 98: STUDY 3 LONGITUDINAL QUANTITATIVE S
Page 99 and 100: Table 3.1 Response rates for respon
Page 101 and 102: Table 3.4 Regression Model for DAS2
Page 103 and 104:
Table 3.6 Regression Model for Depr
Page 105 and 106:
Table 3.8 Regression Model for Posi
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0.016), and optimism (r = -0.183, n
Page 109:
and follow up). However, focusing o
Page 112 and 113:
SUMMARY • Twenty-six participants
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There were ten well adjusted stable
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Stage 1 - predisposing factors - ch
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Appearance schema - beliefs about o
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“I’m in charge ...I think that
Page 122 and 123:
“Only when people don’t underst
Page 124 and 125:
appearance anxiety and coping with
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114
Page 128 and 129:
116
Page 130 and 131:
SUMMARY • This study aimed to exp
Page 132 and 133:
A focus group methodology was chose
Page 134 and 135:
any situation. Strategies involved
Page 136 and 137:
CONCLUSIONS Whereas previous resear
Page 138 and 139:
SUMMARY • Nine focus group interv
Page 140 and 141:
RESULTS Eight key themes were ident
Page 142 and 143:
2e. Medical Interpretation There wa
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“I think I am nicer to a person w
Page 146 and 147:
6d. Generational differences Elders
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• The myths about the foetal diso
Page 150 and 151:
SUMMARY • Vitiligo is a condition
Page 152 and 153:
identified themselves as South Asia
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“…my parents would have been de
Page 156 and 157:
2a. Appearance shame and disgust Ma
Page 158 and 159:
much…sometimes I just want to bec
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For respondents like AA (described
Page 162 and 163:
study 6, that in addition to indivi
Page 164 and 165:
AIMS The aims of this study were to
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154
Page 168 and 169:
SUMMARY • Participants (n=38) too
Page 170 and 171:
leaving 82 invitations not responde
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The vignettes alternated between de
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162
Page 176 and 177:
SUMMARY • The study involved the
Page 178 and 179:
METHOD Participants Student sample
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Clinic attendees On the anxiety sub
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170
Page 184 and 185:
SUMMARY • Semi-structured intervi
Page 186 and 187:
Seven key themes were identified an
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“I've heard tell that a lot of pe
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4. Physical adaptation From so smal
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6. Emotional impact & Emotional sup
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182
Page 196 and 197:
SUMMARY • This study investigates
Page 198 and 199:
Table 12.1 Demographic data by grou
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variance in anxious mood was accoun
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appearance of younger people (Harri
Page 204 and 205:
SUMMARY • This study is recruitin
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METHOD Participants GPs from across
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196
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The results of each study have been
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Others expressed dissatisfaction wi
Page 214 and 215:
Age Gender Ethnicity Relationship s
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Whilst the main thrust of this rese
Page 218 and 219:
a strong evidence base in other are
Page 220 and 221:
Nurses in a counseling role, clinic
Page 222 and 223:
210
Page 224 and 225:
This series of studies represents t
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214
Page 228 and 229:
Ben-Tovim, D.I. and Walker, M.K. (1
Page 230 and 231:
Crocker, J., Voelkl, K., Testa, M.
Page 232 and 233:
Greenberg, L. S. and Safran, J. D.
Page 234 and 235:
Macgregor, F., Abel, T.M., Brut, A.
Page 236 and 237:
Pollard, L., Choy, E.H. and Scott,
Page 238 and 239:
Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. and Bri
Page 240 and 241:
Wright, G.E., Parker, J.C., Smarr,
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