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Greenberg, L. S. and Safran, J. D. (1987). Emotion in Psychotherapy. New York Guilford Press Halliwell, E. (2002). Socio-cultural influences on body image concern through adulthood. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Sussex. Hargreaves, D., and Tiggemann, M. (2002). The effect of television commercials on mood and body dissatisfaction: the role of appearance-schema activation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21, 287–308. Harris, D.L. and Carr, A.T. (2001). Prevalence of concern about physical appearance in the general population. British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 54, 223-26. Harris, C., Evans, J.S.B.T. and Dennis, I. (2000). Measuring doctors’ self-insight into their treatment decisions. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 14, 455-77. Higgins, E.T. and Brendl, C.M. (1995). Accessibility and applicability: some ‘activation rules’ influencing judgement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 218-43. Hopwood, P. and Maguire, G.P. (1988). Body image problems in cancer patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 47-50. Jansen, A., Smeets, T., Boon, B., Nederkoorn, C., Roefs, A. and Mulkens, S. (2007). Vulnerability to interpretation bias in overweight children. Psychology & Health, 22, 561–74. Jenkinson, E., Moss, T., Byron-Daniel, J.Z. and Naqvi, H. (In preparation). The efficacy of psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents who are visibly different: a systematic review of the literature. Johnson, M.R.D. (2007) Researching the health of minority ethnic groups, in M. Saks and J. Allsop, Researching Health. London: Sage. Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., and Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1, 112-133. Katz, J. and Melzack, R. (1990). Pain `memories’ in phantom limbs: review and clinical observations. Pain, 43, 319-36. Katz, P.P. and Yelin, E.H. (1995). The Development of depressive symptoms among women with rheumatoid arthritis: the role of function. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 38, 49-56. Kent, G. (2000). Understanding the experiences of people with disfigurements: an integration of four models of social and psychological functioning. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 5, 117-29. 220
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Identifying the psychosocial factor
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Follow-on Studies: Emma Halliwell,
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Warwick Site (Lead: Dr. Rodger Char
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SECTION 3 Page OVERALL SYNTHESIS OF
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Study 3 3.1 Response rates for resp
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Introduction EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This
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The Impact of Appearance-Related Di
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Research Further investigation shou
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Participants were recruited from ho
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BACKGROUND & RATIONALE FOR THE RESE
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The challenge of developing compreh
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STAGE ONE (Inputs/Predisposing Fact
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In order to address the first aim o
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Role of the advisory panel in the r
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credit is due to Anjte Lindenmeyer,
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INTRODUCTION The largest part of th
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South West (via the Bristol site) a
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INPUTS/ PREDISPOSING FACTORS Age Ge
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Appearance-related processing Valen
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Anger/hostility The Refined Aggress
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RESULTS Due to the size of the data
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Figure 4.1(b) Comparative box-and-w
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Table 4.2 Correlation of quantitati
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Table 5.1(c) Frequency of number of
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Table 6.1(a) Frequency and percenta
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Table 7.1 summarises the degree of
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Figure 7.1(a): Scores on the DAS 24
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10.1 Appearance-related Social Anxi
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HADS Anxiety, and the relative magn
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10.4 Aggression When entering the v
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elatively small but statistically s
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11. Clinic Specific Data In order t
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Table 11.3: Percentage of participa
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anxiety was in the low to mild rang
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Visibility and areas of concern The
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affect and 46% for both anxiety and
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likely they are to have difficultie
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Information Attention Encoding/Stor
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such as shame, were omitted. Where
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RATIONALE In an attempt to offer pa
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FINDINGS Theme I. Descriptive Accou
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easts made her ‘flat chested’ a
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confidence to other people’s reac
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them noticing: ‘I try to hide my
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5.) Time Structures What was striki
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STUDY 3 LONGITUDINAL QUANTITATIVE S
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Table 3.1 Response rates for respon
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Table 3.4 Regression Model for DAS2
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Table 3.6 Regression Model for Depr
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Table 3.8 Regression Model for Posi
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0.016), and optimism (r = -0.183, n
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and follow up). However, focusing o
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SUMMARY • Twenty-six participants
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There were ten well adjusted stable
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Stage 1 - predisposing factors - ch
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Appearance schema - beliefs about o
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“I’m in charge ...I think that
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“Only when people don’t underst
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appearance anxiety and coping with
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114
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116
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SUMMARY • This study aimed to exp
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A focus group methodology was chose
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any situation. Strategies involved
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CONCLUSIONS Whereas previous resear
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SUMMARY • Nine focus group interv
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RESULTS Eight key themes were ident
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2e. Medical Interpretation There wa
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“I think I am nicer to a person w
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6d. Generational differences Elders
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• The myths about the foetal diso
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SUMMARY • Vitiligo is a condition
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identified themselves as South Asia
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“…my parents would have been de
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2a. Appearance shame and disgust Ma
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much…sometimes I just want to bec
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For respondents like AA (described
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study 6, that in addition to indivi
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AIMS The aims of this study were to
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154
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SUMMARY • Participants (n=38) too
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leaving 82 invitations not responde
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The vignettes alternated between de
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162
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SUMMARY • The study involved the
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METHOD Participants Student sample
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Clinic attendees On the anxiety sub
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Page 184 and 185: SUMMARY • Semi-structured intervi
Page 186 and 187: Seven key themes were identified an
Page 188 and 189: “I've heard tell that a lot of pe
Page 190 and 191: 4. Physical adaptation From so smal
Page 192 and 193: 6. Emotional impact & Emotional sup
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Page 196 and 197: SUMMARY • This study investigates
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.1 Demographic data by grou
Page 200 and 201: variance in anxious mood was accoun
Page 202 and 203: appearance of younger people (Harri
Page 204 and 205: SUMMARY • This study is recruitin
Page 206 and 207: METHOD Participants GPs from across
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Page 210 and 211: The results of each study have been
Page 212 and 213: Others expressed dissatisfaction wi
Page 214 and 215: Age Gender Ethnicity Relationship s
Page 216 and 217: Whilst the main thrust of this rese
Page 218 and 219: a strong evidence base in other are
Page 220 and 221: Nurses in a counseling role, clinic
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Page 224 and 225: This series of studies represents t
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Page 228 and 229: Ben-Tovim, D.I. and Walker, M.K. (1
Page 230 and 231: Crocker, J., Voelkl, K., Testa, M.
Page 234 and 235: Macgregor, F., Abel, T.M., Brut, A.
Page 236 and 237: Pollard, L., Choy, E.H. and Scott,
Page 238 and 239: Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. and Bri
Page 240 and 241: Wright, G.E., Parker, J.C., Smarr,
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