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2a. Appearance shame and disgust Many of the participants described feeling ‘disgusted’ and clearly had low self-esteem and were shame-prone: “I think it's horrible and disgusting, and I suppose I think that's what other people think, see and think when I, I don't have make-up on, and I don't feel like it's me…” (AA) “…it's horrible, you know, it's still horrible…” (BB) “…I know it's my vanity, I don’t know, I'm sure people at work don’t sit and look at me and see if whether I've got any blotches, it is me and how I deal with it and my paranoia.” (EE) For those that described being less distressed by vitiligo, other factors or difficulties were either more salient to them, or they valued appearance less in comparison to other factors such as education: “…you never try to cover, you have such a strong personality, I said look so many problems I have in my life and how I look my face or something, it really doesn’t bother me…” (FF) These beliefs were often attributed to their background. 2b. Intimacy and being with others For some this fear of rejection, of being exposed, tangibly affected their intimate relationships: “…I don't think I could ever let someone get close or be close to someone enough to do that [get married], I don't want to really have kids, like I would like to, but then I don't want to because I don't want them to have vitiligo…” (AA) “…Around boys I am very self conscious in case I’m questioned about my vitiligo, so I don’t really know any boys”. (CC) “…even not letting my husband see me when I was naked and that’s a factor in it really, although my husband has never been bothered by it, I have. It's just me really, how I perceive it, it's probably not as bad as what I think it is but.” (EE) 144
“…even not letting my husband see it” (GG) Some participants made negative downward social comparisons in relation to their own condition: “…people have said, well, you know, it could have been worse, it could have been cancer, you know, and, but then I think to myself, at least they'd still have their looks…” (BB) 3. Living with vitiligo: coping strategies A range of coping strategies were used, although all participants described using concealment at least some of the time. 3a. Avoidance and concealment “…some of the boys just looking at it, at the patch, a patch on my leg and just like whispering and I, after that I just went home and I felt, I just cried for ages, and I didn't, I don't think I went swimming…” (AA) “…I didn’t actually build up the confidence to go swimming until a week ago...” (GG) “…with past relationships I'd come to a point where I just wouldn't want to go any further but, I don't like, like physical, like too close to see, so you can see like where my make-up is, my make-up comes off as well, I just start getting panicky and I always like have to have the lights off…” (AA) “…Not going for a smear, that’s another example.” (EE) Most participants reported using concealment, particularly cosmetic camouflage, to some extent, and described the pressures of reliance upon this: “…I can't even like answer my door without any make-up on because I just, I would just have a panic attack… I find it quite pathetic that I can't just go to the shop, to the door without putting on make-up…part of me wishes I'd never started wearing make-up because maybe then I wouldn't have to rely on it so 145
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Identifying the psychosocial factor
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Follow-on Studies: Emma Halliwell,
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Warwick Site (Lead: Dr. Rodger Char
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SECTION 3 Page OVERALL SYNTHESIS OF
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Study 3 3.1 Response rates for resp
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Introduction EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This
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The Impact of Appearance-Related Di
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Research Further investigation shou
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Participants were recruited from ho
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BACKGROUND & RATIONALE FOR THE RESE
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The challenge of developing compreh
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STAGE ONE (Inputs/Predisposing Fact
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In order to address the first aim o
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Role of the advisory panel in the r
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credit is due to Anjte Lindenmeyer,
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INTRODUCTION The largest part of th
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South West (via the Bristol site) a
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INPUTS/ PREDISPOSING FACTORS Age Ge
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Appearance-related processing Valen
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Anger/hostility The Refined Aggress
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RESULTS Due to the size of the data
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Figure 4.1(b) Comparative box-and-w
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Table 4.2 Correlation of quantitati
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Table 5.1(c) Frequency of number of
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Table 6.1(a) Frequency and percenta
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Table 7.1 summarises the degree of
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Figure 7.1(a): Scores on the DAS 24
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10.1 Appearance-related Social Anxi
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HADS Anxiety, and the relative magn
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10.4 Aggression When entering the v
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elatively small but statistically s
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11. Clinic Specific Data In order t
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Table 11.3: Percentage of participa
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anxiety was in the low to mild rang
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Visibility and areas of concern The
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affect and 46% for both anxiety and
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likely they are to have difficultie
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Information Attention Encoding/Stor
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such as shame, were omitted. Where
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RATIONALE In an attempt to offer pa
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FINDINGS Theme I. Descriptive Accou
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easts made her ‘flat chested’ a
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confidence to other people’s reac
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them noticing: ‘I try to hide my
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5.) Time Structures What was striki
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STUDY 3 LONGITUDINAL QUANTITATIVE S
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Table 3.1 Response rates for respon
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Table 3.4 Regression Model for DAS2
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Table 3.6 Regression Model for Depr
Page 105 and 106: Table 3.8 Regression Model for Posi
Page 107 and 108: 0.016), and optimism (r = -0.183, n
Page 109: and follow up). However, focusing o
Page 112 and 113: SUMMARY • Twenty-six participants
Page 114 and 115: There were ten well adjusted stable
Page 116 and 117: Stage 1 - predisposing factors - ch
Page 118 and 119: Appearance schema - beliefs about o
Page 120 and 121: “I’m in charge ...I think that
Page 122 and 123: “Only when people don’t underst
Page 124 and 125: appearance anxiety and coping with
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Page 128 and 129: 116
Page 130 and 131: SUMMARY • This study aimed to exp
Page 132 and 133: A focus group methodology was chose
Page 134 and 135: any situation. Strategies involved
Page 136 and 137: CONCLUSIONS Whereas previous resear
Page 138 and 139: SUMMARY • Nine focus group interv
Page 140 and 141: RESULTS Eight key themes were ident
Page 142 and 143: 2e. Medical Interpretation There wa
Page 144 and 145: “I think I am nicer to a person w
Page 146 and 147: 6d. Generational differences Elders
Page 148 and 149: • The myths about the foetal diso
Page 150 and 151: SUMMARY • Vitiligo is a condition
Page 152 and 153: identified themselves as South Asia
Page 154 and 155: “…my parents would have been de
Page 158 and 159: much…sometimes I just want to bec
Page 160 and 161: For respondents like AA (described
Page 162 and 163: study 6, that in addition to indivi
Page 164 and 165: AIMS The aims of this study were to
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Page 168 and 169: SUMMARY • Participants (n=38) too
Page 170 and 171: leaving 82 invitations not responde
Page 172 and 173: The vignettes alternated between de
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Page 176 and 177: SUMMARY • The study involved the
Page 178 and 179: METHOD Participants Student sample
Page 180 and 181: Clinic attendees On the anxiety sub
Page 182 and 183: 170
Page 184 and 185: SUMMARY • Semi-structured intervi
Page 186 and 187: Seven key themes were identified an
Page 188 and 189: “I've heard tell that a lot of pe
Page 190 and 191: 4. Physical adaptation From so smal
Page 192 and 193: 6. Emotional impact & Emotional sup
Page 194 and 195: 182
Page 196 and 197: SUMMARY • This study investigates
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.1 Demographic data by grou
Page 200 and 201: variance in anxious mood was accoun
Page 202 and 203: appearance of younger people (Harri
Page 204 and 205: SUMMARY • This study is recruitin
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METHOD Participants GPs from across
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196
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The results of each study have been
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Others expressed dissatisfaction wi
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Age Gender Ethnicity Relationship s
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Whilst the main thrust of this rese
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a strong evidence base in other are
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Nurses in a counseling role, clinic
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210
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This series of studies represents t
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Ben-Tovim, D.I. and Walker, M.K. (1
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Crocker, J., Voelkl, K., Testa, M.
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Greenberg, L. S. and Safran, J. D.
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Macgregor, F., Abel, T.M., Brut, A.
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Pollard, L., Choy, E.H. and Scott,
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Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. and Bri
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Wright, G.E., Parker, J.C., Smarr,
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