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RATIONALE Thompson and Kent (2001), Rumsey and Harcourt (2005), Bessell and Moss (2008), Jenkinson et al (in preparation) and other commentators have noted the pressing need for longitudinal research to explore the extent of stability and change in adjustment to disfigurement over time. Study 3 reports a longitudinal study in which responses to standardised measures were repeated over a 9 month period. Study 4 (included in the follow-on studies) reports qualitative data from in-depth interviews of a sub-section of respondents who identified themselves as stable in their adjustment, and those who perceived their adjustment levels to have changed. Due to the delay in the contracts process, the initial data collection point was later than originally anticipated. In order to complete the longitudinal study within the life of the grant funding, the follow-up period was shortened in comparison with the plan in the original protocol, and the design simplified to comprise one additional data collection point, at 9 month follow-up. This change required a modification to the ethical approval via an amendment. METHOD All participants in study 1 who opted in for further studies (n = 1221) were sent a follow up questionnaire pack (see appendix 9) at 9 months (see methods section of Study 1). 349 completed questionnaires were returned. RESULTS Participants Of the 1265 participants at baseline, 349 participants completed questionnaires again at the 9 month follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between those who responded at time 2 compared to those who did not according to gender ( = 2.707, df = 1, p = 0.100), method of recruitment ( = 0.691, df = 1, p = 0.406), or objective visibility ( = 0.347, df = 1, p = 0.556) (Table 3.1). 86
Table 3.1 Response rates for responders and non-responders at follow-up Non-Responders Responders Gender Female 611 (69.7) 256 (74.4) Male 266 (30.3) 88 (25.6) Total 877 (100%) 344 (100%) Recruitment Community 438 (47.8) 176 (50.4) Clinic 478 (52.2) 173 (49.6) 916 (100%) 349 (100%) Concern Visible 424 (46.3) 168 (48.1) Not Visible 492 (53.7) 181 (51.9) 916 (100%) 349 (100%) Independent samples t-test revealed that those who responded at follow-up had a significantly higher mean level of appearance discrepancy (p < 0.001) and valence (p = 0.002) than those who did not respond, although the effects sizes were small (d = 0.24) (Table 3.2). Table 3.2 T-test comparisons between responders and non-responders at follow-up Measure Non-Responders 1 Responders 2 Mean SD Mean SD p Discrepancy 29.21 11.36 31.90 11.33
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Identifying the psychosocial factor
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Follow-on Studies: Emma Halliwell,
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Warwick Site (Lead: Dr. Rodger Char
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SECTION 3 Page OVERALL SYNTHESIS OF
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Study 3 3.1 Response rates for resp
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Introduction EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This
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The Impact of Appearance-Related Di
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Research Further investigation shou
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Participants were recruited from ho
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BACKGROUND & RATIONALE FOR THE RESE
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The challenge of developing compreh
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STAGE ONE (Inputs/Predisposing Fact
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In order to address the first aim o
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Role of the advisory panel in the r
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credit is due to Anjte Lindenmeyer,
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INTRODUCTION The largest part of th
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South West (via the Bristol site) a
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INPUTS/ PREDISPOSING FACTORS Age Ge
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Appearance-related processing Valen
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Anger/hostility The Refined Aggress
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RESULTS Due to the size of the data
Page 48 and 49: Figure 4.1(b) Comparative box-and-w
Page 50 and 51: Table 4.2 Correlation of quantitati
Page 52 and 53: Table 5.1(c) Frequency of number of
Page 54 and 55: Table 6.1(a) Frequency and percenta
Page 56 and 57: Table 7.1 summarises the degree of
Page 58 and 59: Figure 7.1(a): Scores on the DAS 24
Page 60 and 61: 10.1 Appearance-related Social Anxi
Page 62 and 63: HADS Anxiety, and the relative magn
Page 64 and 65: 10.4 Aggression When entering the v
Page 66 and 67: elatively small but statistically s
Page 68 and 69: 11. Clinic Specific Data In order t
Page 70 and 71: Table 11.3: Percentage of participa
Page 72 and 73: anxiety was in the low to mild rang
Page 74 and 75: Visibility and areas of concern The
Page 76 and 77: affect and 46% for both anxiety and
Page 78 and 79: likely they are to have difficultie
Page 80 and 81: Information Attention Encoding/Stor
Page 82 and 83: such as shame, were omitted. Where
Page 84 and 85: RATIONALE In an attempt to offer pa
Page 86 and 87: FINDINGS Theme I. Descriptive Accou
Page 88 and 89: easts made her ‘flat chested’ a
Page 90 and 91: confidence to other people’s reac
Page 92 and 93: them noticing: ‘I try to hide my
Page 94 and 95: 5.) Time Structures What was striki
Page 97: STUDY 3 LONGITUDINAL QUANTITATIVE S
Page 101 and 102: Table 3.4 Regression Model for DAS2
Page 103 and 104: Table 3.6 Regression Model for Depr
Page 105 and 106: Table 3.8 Regression Model for Posi
Page 107 and 108: 0.016), and optimism (r = -0.183, n
Page 109: and follow up). However, focusing o
Page 112 and 113: SUMMARY • Twenty-six participants
Page 114 and 115: There were ten well adjusted stable
Page 116 and 117: Stage 1 - predisposing factors - ch
Page 118 and 119: Appearance schema - beliefs about o
Page 120 and 121: “I’m in charge ...I think that
Page 122 and 123: “Only when people don’t underst
Page 124 and 125: appearance anxiety and coping with
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Page 130 and 131: SUMMARY • This study aimed to exp
Page 132 and 133: A focus group methodology was chose
Page 134 and 135: any situation. Strategies involved
Page 136 and 137: CONCLUSIONS Whereas previous resear
Page 138 and 139: SUMMARY • Nine focus group interv
Page 140 and 141: RESULTS Eight key themes were ident
Page 142 and 143: 2e. Medical Interpretation There wa
Page 144 and 145: “I think I am nicer to a person w
Page 146 and 147: 6d. Generational differences Elders
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• The myths about the foetal diso
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SUMMARY • Vitiligo is a condition
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identified themselves as South Asia
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“…my parents would have been de
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2a. Appearance shame and disgust Ma
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much…sometimes I just want to bec
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For respondents like AA (described
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study 6, that in addition to indivi
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AIMS The aims of this study were to
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154
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SUMMARY • Participants (n=38) too
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leaving 82 invitations not responde
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The vignettes alternated between de
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162
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SUMMARY • The study involved the
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METHOD Participants Student sample
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Clinic attendees On the anxiety sub
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170
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SUMMARY • Semi-structured intervi
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Seven key themes were identified an
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“I've heard tell that a lot of pe
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4. Physical adaptation From so smal
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6. Emotional impact & Emotional sup
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182
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SUMMARY • This study investigates
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Table 12.1 Demographic data by grou
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variance in anxious mood was accoun
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appearance of younger people (Harri
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SUMMARY • This study is recruitin
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METHOD Participants GPs from across
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196
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The results of each study have been
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Others expressed dissatisfaction wi
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Age Gender Ethnicity Relationship s
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Whilst the main thrust of this rese
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a strong evidence base in other are
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Nurses in a counseling role, clinic
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210
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This series of studies represents t
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Ben-Tovim, D.I. and Walker, M.K. (1
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Crocker, J., Voelkl, K., Testa, M.
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Greenberg, L. S. and Safran, J. D.
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Macgregor, F., Abel, T.M., Brut, A.
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Pollard, L., Choy, E.H. and Scott,
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Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. and Bri
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Wright, G.E., Parker, J.C., Smarr,
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