Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself - College of Stoic Philosophers

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xxxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. sufficient for the realisation of virtue and happiness. Outer relationships and inner dissatisfactions were within the province of the will ; and all that threatened to contravene or abridge its independence must, in behoof of virtue and happiness, be willed away. Wants must be reduced to the dimensions of will. Thus, curtailment of obligations, needs, desires, and affections became the keynote of Cynic morality : ignoring first the claims and then the decencies of social obligation, it promoted insensibility, often of the coarsest kind, to a premier place among the virtues. The demands thus laid on individuality might seem excessive and forbid- ding ; but the strong and racy personality of Diogenes gave vogue to the experiment, and the eccentricities and anti-social bravado of his imitators, by the very violence of the contrast which they offered to the traditions and usages of Greek life, secured notoriety, and even enforced attention and respect. For, in spite of its intellectual and ethical shortcomings, Cynism proclaimed two needed truths in accents of the most arresting and uncompromising kind (i) the unconditional supremacy of the moral will in the determina- tion of life ; (2) a truth as yet unfamiliar to Greece, the independence and responsibility of the individual as the unit of morality. All that was vital in Cynism was taken up into Stoicism, and co-ordinated into a more comprehensive scheme of morality and thought; and the Stoic en- largement of its doctrines will be the most instructive commentary upon the principles of the system itself. But before passing to this wider theme, it will be
ii i BIRTH OF STOICISM xxxvii well to anticipate the future of the parent name and sect. The Cynic tradition, remaining true to its emphasis on practice rather than on theory, survived in more or less close association with the Stoic, and shared its revival under the Roman Empire. There the Cynic profession resumed its protest against worldliness and self-indulgence with so much conviction and success, that charlatans and schemers found it worth while to disguise themselves in its livery, and from Plutarch to Lucian, from Antoninus to Julian, the Cynic figures now as the butt of the satirist, and now as the cynosure of the moralist. To Juvenal the Stoic differs from the Cynic only by the cut of his cloak. In Marcus Aurelius, as habitually in Epictetus, 1 Diogenes is coupled with Socrates as the pre-eminent and authoritative type of moral courage, rectitude, and tranquillity. Even the sincere Cynic, with his crude and often rampant individualism, was constantly in danger of ignoring social claims, and straining moral independence into mere nonconformist bluff; but in the true Cynic, purged of insincerity and ostentation and intolerance, inured to hard ways and to harsh words, Epictetus 2 recognises still the ideal 'athlete of righteousness,' ready and clean and strong, who, having disciplined all passion and desire, and attained the perfect freedom of the will in harmony with the divine, is able to renounce the allurements of am- bition, the distractions of wealth, and the preoccupations 1 viii. 3; cf. Arr. Epict. i, 24, 6; 2, 16, 35; 3, 21, 19; 3, 22, 24; 4, 7, 29; 4, 9, 6 ; 4, n, 21 ; and Ench. 15. ' 2 Arrian, iii. Epict. 22, On Cynism.
Page 9 and 10: TA EIC EAYTON MARCUS AURELIUS ANTON
Page 11 and 12: MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS TO HIMSEL
Page 13 and 14: PREFACE ENGLISH translations of Mar
Page 15 and 16: PREFACE v may be, the manner, tone,
Page 17 and 18: may gain PREFACE vii as much or mor
Page 19: PREFACE ix In choice of readings I
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON STOICISM AND
Page 25 and 26: i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xv have been
Page 27 and 28: i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xvii tried in
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Page 31 and 32: i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xxi moralised
Page 33 and 34: i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xxiii phenome
Page 35 and 36: i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xxv are resol
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Page 39 and 40: i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xxix universe
Page 41 and 42: SECT, ii i BIRTH OF STOICISM xxxi k
Page 43 and 44: ii i BIRTH OF STOICISM xxxiii order
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Page 53 and 54: ii 2 BIRTH OF STOICISM xliii of the
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Page 61 and 62: SECT, in i STOIC DOGMA li thought o
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Page 95 and 96: IV. STOICISM IN HISTORY HISTORICALL
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iv STOICISM IN HISTORY Ixxxvii phil
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iv STOICISM IN HISTORY Ixxxix famou
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iv STOICISM IN HISTORY xci Mytholog
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iv STOICISM IN HISTORY xciii though
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iv STOICISM IN HISTORY xcv almost i
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iv STOICISM IN HISTORY xcvii Column
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iv STOICISM IN HISTORY xcix encoura
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t T3 bJO c S -S J> 4 | | i * . S I
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civ INTRODUCTION SECT. stand, to di
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cvi INTRODUCTION SECT. that, qualit
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cviii INTRODUCTION SECT. transitory
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ex INTRODUCTION SECT. and intelligi
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cxii INTRODUCTION SECT. theatre-goi
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cxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. philosopher
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cxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. mere record
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cxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. offer of
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cxx INTRODUCTION SECT. this it is w
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cxxii INTRODUCTION SECT. taking cou
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cxxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. among comp
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cxxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. where in t
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cxxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. /^intima
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cxxx INTRODUCTION SECT. in convicti
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\ cxxxii INTRODUCTION SECT. and eve
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cxxxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. The indiv
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cxxxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. vistas of
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cxxxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. ' world
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cxl INTRODUCTION SECT. individualis
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cxlii INTRODUCTION SECT. steeped in
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cxliv INTRODUCTION SECT. /The funer
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cxlvi INTRODUCTION SECT, v barbaria
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BOOK I MeMNHCO TCON FROM my grandfa
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i TO HIMSELF 3 not to give hasty as
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i TO HIMSELF 5 From my brother Veru
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i TO HIMSELF 7 of any kind he kept
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i TO HIMSELF 9 There was no pervers
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i TO HIMSELF n my own fault, and co
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BOOK ii MARCUS ANTONINUS 13 one for
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ii TO HIMSELF 15 Is violence done y
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ii TO HIMSELF 17 vided, putting wit
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ii TO HIMSELF 19 life than that whi
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ii TO HIMSELF 21 lacking for naught
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BOOK in MARCUS ANTONINUS 23 Watch w
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in TO HIMSELF 25 planning, or anyth
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in TO HIMSELF 27 Does man's life of
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in TO HIMSELF 29 still incomplete,
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in TO HIMSELF 31 ously, and conside
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BOOK IV CK coy r^P T^NOC ecMGN. CLE
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iv TO HIMSELF 35 when the understan
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iv TO HIMSELF 37 result is inevitab
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iv TO HIMSELF 39 not looking at wha
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iv TO HIMSELF 41 Do not be dazed by
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iv TO HIMSELF 43 munity of reason ;
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iv TO HIMSELF 45 fame ? Just emptin
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iv TO HIMSELF 47 All that befalls i
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iv TO HIMSELF 49 falls when it is r
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BOOK V IN the morning, when you fee
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v TO HIMSELF 53 I walk the ways of
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v TO HIMSELF 55 ing, it will make y
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v TO HIMSELF 57 ing the perfection
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v TO HIMSELF 59 have I now ? the ch
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v TO HIMSELF 61 man's true end lie
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TO HIMSELF 63 hindrance to action i
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v TO HIMSELF 65 to every man for hi
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v TO HIMSELF 67 what is a name but
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BOOK VI NOYC AieKo'cMHce TT&NT&. AN
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vi TO HIMSELF 71 not break tune or
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vi TO HIMSELF 73 current of time pe
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vi TO HIMSELF 75 yet themselves set
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vi TO HIMSELF 77 steadily to these,
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vi TO HIMSELF 79 I am of body and s
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vi TO HIMSELF 81 with it ; though t
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vi TO HIMSELF 83 they did, and the
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vi TO HIMSELF 85 characters of thos
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BOOK VII AC\(MCON. HERACLITUS HGoc
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vii TO HIMSELF 89 what is opportune
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vii TO HIMSELF 91 is to be good ; j
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vii TO HIMSELF 93 you ; your was be
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vii TO HIMSELF 95 Gods or atoms, it
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vii TO HIMSELF 97 himself or assign
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vii TO HIMSELF 99 disciplined to ci
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vii TO HIMSELF 101 that on which ac
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viz TO HIMSELF 103 one may have one
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vii TO HIMSELF 105 devoid of mind o
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BOOK vin MARCUS ANTONINUS 107 indul
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viii TO HIMSELF 109 their participa
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vin TO HIMSELF in accept Remember t
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vin TO HIMSELF 113 Secunda ; first
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vni TO HIMSELF 115 satisfied ; and
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vni TO HIMSELF 117 would the dead b
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vin TO HIMSELF 119 its own constitu
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vni TO HIMSELF 121 philosopher will
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vin TO HIMSELF 123 To my moral will
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BOOK IX DUCUNT VOLENTEM FATA, NOLEN
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ix TO HIMSELF 127 momentum to the c
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ix TO HIMSELF 129 overtakes you fro
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ix TO HIMSELF 131 Convert men, if y
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ix TO HIMSELF 133 stand whether it
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ix TO HIMSELF 135 politics, these s
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ix TO HIMSELF 137 fancy their censu
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ix TO HIMSELF 139 on what is not in
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ix TO HIMSELF 141 clown acting the
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BOOK x MARCUS ANTONINUS 143 their b
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x TO HIMSELF 145 do nothing for sel
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x TO HIMSELF 147 the physical curre
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x TO HIMSELF 149 men, commits himse
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x TO HIMSELF 151 change, and in dec
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x TO HIMSELF 153 The man drops seed
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x TO HIMSELF 155 then ? Why not be
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x TO HIMSELF 157 misadventures so-c
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x TO HIMSELF 159 in freedom thereby
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BOOK xi MARCUS ANTONINUS 161 our fa
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xi TO HIMSELF 163 Or Lives are reap
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xi TO HIMSELF 165 of true artist wo
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xi TO HIMSELF 167 Goodness, simplic
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xi TO HIMSELF 169 popularity, or so
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xi TO HIMSELF 171 measure of its po
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xi TO HIMSELF 173 aim must be socia
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xi TO HIMSELF 175 of assent ; and i
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BOOK xii MARCUS ANTONINUS 177 the p
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xii TO HIMSELF 179 or mind, he coul
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xii TO HIMSELF 181 fault with gods
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xii TO HIMSELF 183 The view taken i
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xii TO HIMSELF 185 every case so ha
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xii TO HIMSELF 187 combines with it
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APPENDIX SELECTED emendations of th
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APPENDIX 191 24, /. 2 After dueiNON
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APPENDIX 193 12, /. 8 Read H re an6
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MACMILLAN AND CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. T
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Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself - College of Stoic Philosophers

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