Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself - College of Stoic Philosophers

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Ixxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. of knowing, virtue involves the habit of willing and acting ; while it leans on the understanding for guidance, it derives its motive power from desire and will. Analysis may separate the three, and adjudge precedence in time or dignity; but every moral act presupposes not only the knowledge which reveals and defines the end, but also the desire which adopts it, and the will which gives effect to the desire in an act of self-deter- mination. Without desires, which depend for, their existence on the affections and emotions, knowledge remains impotent, and loses the motive power which elevates it into virtue. Each exercise of virtue implies an existing basis of character and knowledge, determin- ing itself in a new act of volition. Thus in so far as the Stoics were misled by an unsound psychology into denouncing all emotional activities, and set themselves to 'efface' and 'extinguish' impressions and desires, 1 instead of enforcing the need of selecting, guiding, and utilising them to the best end, they narrowed and weakened the scope of their morality. By suppression of desires, the moral ideal could easily be reduced to the hard and narrow self- consistency, towards which the Stoic type habitually leans, or drill itself or decline into the moral 'apathy' which results from restricting virtue to the sphere of intellectual and unimpassioned self-regard. This is the secret of that ' accent of futility,' 1 Few maxims recur more frequently in M. A. Cf. e.g. v. 2, 36 ; vi. 13 ; vii. 17, 29 ; viii. 29, 47 ; ix. 7 ; xi. 16, to which iv. 7 and all its parallels ii. 15 ; iii. 9 ; iv. 3, 39 ; vi. 52 ; vii. 14, 16 ; viii. 40; ix. 13; xi. 16, 18; xii. 8, 22, 25, 26 may properly be added.
in 4 STOIC DOGMA Ixxv which marks the thoughts even of a writer so keenly alive to altruistic and social obligation as Marcus Aurelius. 4. Knowledge and Perception Such was the organism of the soul, by means of which perception, judgment, knowledge, and will were effectuated and unified. Knowledge was based upon material sense-perception. Through the senses the mind had contact with external objects, and perception was ex- made upon the soul, 1 plained as ' an impression ' or, in more guarded language, as a ' 2 modification of the soul,' produced by the impact of types or images of the objects of sense. Perception then is an affection or movement within the soul produced by an impulse from without ; but the active and motive power in perception is regarded as proceeding in the main from the thing perceived, 3 not as supplied or emitted by the percipient ; the soul is mainly passive, though in the act of perception the response elicited from the percipient implies an answering activity in the percipient's consciousness. The perception itself does not originate in a movement or activity of consciousness, but is rather a result or con- tent of consciousness called into play by an outer force. Sensation entertains the impression, and conscious perception results. Such sense -perceptions are of very different kinds, and vary according to their relation to the object which they reproduce : perceptions frequently 1 Ti/Troxns tv 3 Almost all Greek schools, not excluding the Platonic, treat perception and thought as communicated from without.
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TA EIC EAYTON MARCUS AURELIUS ANTON
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MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS TO HIMSEL
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PREFACE ENGLISH translations of Mar
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PREFACE v may be, the manner, tone,
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may gain PREFACE vii as much or mor
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PREFACE ix In choice of readings I
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INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON STOICISM AND
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xv have been
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xvii tried in
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xix ' 1 air f
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xxi moralised
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cxxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. among comp
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cxxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. where in t
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cxxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. /^intima
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cxxx INTRODUCTION SECT. in convicti
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\ cxxxii INTRODUCTION SECT. and eve
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cxxxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. The indiv
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cxxxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. vistas of
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cxxxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. ' world
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cxl INTRODUCTION SECT. individualis
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cxlii INTRODUCTION SECT. steeped in
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cxliv INTRODUCTION SECT. /The funer
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cxlvi INTRODUCTION SECT, v barbaria
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BOOK I MeMNHCO TCON FROM my grandfa
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i TO HIMSELF 3 not to give hasty as
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i TO HIMSELF 5 From my brother Veru
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i TO HIMSELF 7 of any kind he kept
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i TO HIMSELF 9 There was no pervers
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i TO HIMSELF n my own fault, and co
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BOOK ii MARCUS ANTONINUS 13 one for
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ii TO HIMSELF 15 Is violence done y
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ii TO HIMSELF 17 vided, putting wit
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ii TO HIMSELF 19 life than that whi
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ii TO HIMSELF 21 lacking for naught
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BOOK in MARCUS ANTONINUS 23 Watch w
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in TO HIMSELF 25 planning, or anyth
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in TO HIMSELF 27 Does man's life of
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in TO HIMSELF 29 still incomplete,
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in TO HIMSELF 31 ously, and conside
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BOOK IV CK coy r^P T^NOC ecMGN. CLE
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iv TO HIMSELF 35 when the understan
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iv TO HIMSELF 37 result is inevitab
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iv TO HIMSELF 39 not looking at wha
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iv TO HIMSELF 41 Do not be dazed by
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iv TO HIMSELF 43 munity of reason ;
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iv TO HIMSELF 45 fame ? Just emptin
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iv TO HIMSELF 47 All that befalls i
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iv TO HIMSELF 49 falls when it is r
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BOOK V IN the morning, when you fee
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v TO HIMSELF 53 I walk the ways of
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v TO HIMSELF 55 ing, it will make y
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v TO HIMSELF 57 ing the perfection
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v TO HIMSELF 59 have I now ? the ch
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v TO HIMSELF 61 man's true end lie
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TO HIMSELF 63 hindrance to action i
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v TO HIMSELF 65 to every man for hi
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v TO HIMSELF 67 what is a name but
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BOOK VI NOYC AieKo'cMHce TT&NT&. AN
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vi TO HIMSELF 71 not break tune or
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vi TO HIMSELF 73 current of time pe
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vi TO HIMSELF 75 yet themselves set
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vi TO HIMSELF 77 steadily to these,
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vi TO HIMSELF 79 I am of body and s
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vi TO HIMSELF 81 with it ; though t
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vi TO HIMSELF 83 they did, and the
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vi TO HIMSELF 85 characters of thos
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BOOK VII AC\(MCON. HERACLITUS HGoc
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vii TO HIMSELF 89 what is opportune
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vii TO HIMSELF 91 is to be good ; j
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vii TO HIMSELF 93 you ; your was be
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vii TO HIMSELF 95 Gods or atoms, it
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vii TO HIMSELF 97 himself or assign
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vii TO HIMSELF 99 disciplined to ci
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vii TO HIMSELF 101 that on which ac
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viz TO HIMSELF 103 one may have one
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vii TO HIMSELF 105 devoid of mind o
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BOOK vin MARCUS ANTONINUS 107 indul
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viii TO HIMSELF 109 their participa
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vin TO HIMSELF in accept Remember t
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vin TO HIMSELF 113 Secunda ; first
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vni TO HIMSELF 115 satisfied ; and
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vni TO HIMSELF 117 would the dead b
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vin TO HIMSELF 119 its own constitu
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vni TO HIMSELF 121 philosopher will
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vin TO HIMSELF 123 To my moral will
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BOOK IX DUCUNT VOLENTEM FATA, NOLEN
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ix TO HIMSELF 127 momentum to the c
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ix TO HIMSELF 129 overtakes you fro
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ix TO HIMSELF 131 Convert men, if y
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ix TO HIMSELF 133 stand whether it
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ix TO HIMSELF 135 politics, these s
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ix TO HIMSELF 137 fancy their censu
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ix TO HIMSELF 139 on what is not in
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ix TO HIMSELF 141 clown acting the
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BOOK x MARCUS ANTONINUS 143 their b
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x TO HIMSELF 145 do nothing for sel
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x TO HIMSELF 147 the physical curre
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x TO HIMSELF 149 men, commits himse
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x TO HIMSELF 151 change, and in dec
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x TO HIMSELF 153 The man drops seed
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x TO HIMSELF 155 then ? Why not be
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x TO HIMSELF 157 misadventures so-c
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x TO HIMSELF 159 in freedom thereby
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BOOK xi MARCUS ANTONINUS 161 our fa
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xi TO HIMSELF 163 Or Lives are reap
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xi TO HIMSELF 165 of true artist wo
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xi TO HIMSELF 167 Goodness, simplic
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xi TO HIMSELF 169 popularity, or so
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xi TO HIMSELF 171 measure of its po
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xi TO HIMSELF 173 aim must be socia
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xi TO HIMSELF 175 of assent ; and i
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BOOK xii MARCUS ANTONINUS 177 the p
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xii TO HIMSELF 179 or mind, he coul
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xii TO HIMSELF 181 fault with gods
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xii TO HIMSELF 183 The view taken i
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xii TO HIMSELF 185 every case so ha
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xii TO HIMSELF 187 combines with it
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APPENDIX SELECTED emendations of th
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APPENDIX 191 24, /. 2 After dueiNON
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APPENDIX 193 12, /. 8 Read H re an6
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MACMILLAN AND CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. T
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Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself - College of Stoic Philosophers

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