Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself - College of Stoic Philosophers

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Ixxii- INTRODUCTION SECT. Pneuma within and cognate manifestations of Pneuma without ; the act of consciousness is referred to the interior soul, the sense-organs only providing instruments of communication. The pleasures of sense, just as those of reason in its own department, are due to the smooth or rough flow of the Pneuma-currents l in the channels appropriated to their action, though Reason and Will have power to ignore such excitations at their pleasure. In a lower order still, and served by other organs, comes the generative or reproductive faculty) and (without much clearness or coherence of view) the faculty of speech. 2 Throughout, the materiality of the soul is unflinchingly affirmed, and nowhere more un- reservedly so (in spite of some incidental laxities of expression) than in Marcus, who, following the medical theorisers of his day, describes the soul as an exhalation of the blood. 3 Death similarly is the 'evaporation' 4 of the immanent Pneuma from the physical organism, prior to its extinction or re-immergence in the world-Pneuma. The object of these laboured and somewhat barren speculations is plain, namely, the determination to main- 1 See p. Ivii. 2 This classification seems referred to in xii. 31. 3 avadvfjdaffis d0' cu'yuaros, v. 33 ; vi. 15. The principle of evaporation (dva6v/j.ia(ris) plays a large part in the speculations of the Ionian physicists. To Heraclitus, soul is an exhalation from air, and Cleanthes regards the sun, the Hegemonikon of the World, as recruited by exhalation from the sea. The transition from liquid to gaseous is the normal assumption ; but the explicit pathological association with the blood, as vehicle of vital warmth, was worked out by Diogenes of Apollonia and the medical school. In Marcus it possibly reflects the personal teaching of Galen, vi. 4.
in 3 STOIC DOGMA Ixxiii tain, throughout the spheres of perception, emotion, desire, and reason, the totality of the individual as an organic and inseparable unity. The Stoics did much for the establishment of this conception, and it was unfortunate that they did not grasp it even more com- pletely in assigning to the different faculties their prerogatives and spheres of exercise. A sounder ethic would have resulted from a more complete analysis and under- standing of the nature of will. Here the Stoics like other schools of antiquity came short, and were content to rest in psychological abstractions adopted or devised by their first masters. Instead of investigating the ends of action, and finding in them intrinsic or external criteria to determine the relative value of particular functions and precedence among the faculties, the Stoics selected a single faculty or group of faculties and assigned them exclusive, and more or less arbitrary, dominion over the rest. They were right in declaring the highest and most essential element in man to be the rational, other- wise denominated the social or the universal, 1 as relating man's consciousness to the widest and most comprehensive range of interests. But they erred, partly under the influence of Socratic dicta^ in identifying this rational faculty too exclusively with the intellectual. That virtue is inseparable from knowledge is true ; as virtue passes beyond the instinctive impulses, and widens its range of action and view, the more do perception, insight, and foresight become indispensable. But besides the faculty } The habitual terms in M. A. are Xoyt/o?, rational^ TroXtn/o? and KoivuviKr], social (or unselfish'), and the more unusual KadoXiicri, catholic or universal, e.g. in vi. 14, vii. 64. *
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TA EIC EAYTON MARCUS AURELIUS ANTON
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MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS TO HIMSEL
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PREFACE ENGLISH translations of Mar
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PREFACE v may be, the manner, tone,
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may gain PREFACE vii as much or mor
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PREFACE ix In choice of readings I
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INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON STOICISM AND
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xv have been
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xvii tried in
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xix ' 1 air f
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Page 95 and 96: IV. STOICISM IN HISTORY HISTORICALL
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Page 114 and 115: civ INTRODUCTION SECT. stand, to di
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Page 126 and 127: cxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. mere record
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cxxii INTRODUCTION SECT. taking cou
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cxxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. among comp
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cxxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. where in t
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cxxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. /^intima
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cxxx INTRODUCTION SECT. in convicti
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\ cxxxii INTRODUCTION SECT. and eve
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cxxxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. The indiv
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cxxxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. vistas of
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cxxxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. ' world
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cxl INTRODUCTION SECT. individualis
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cxlii INTRODUCTION SECT. steeped in
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cxliv INTRODUCTION SECT. /The funer
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cxlvi INTRODUCTION SECT, v barbaria
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BOOK I MeMNHCO TCON FROM my grandfa
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i TO HIMSELF 3 not to give hasty as
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i TO HIMSELF 5 From my brother Veru
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i TO HIMSELF 7 of any kind he kept
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i TO HIMSELF 9 There was no pervers
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i TO HIMSELF n my own fault, and co
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BOOK ii MARCUS ANTONINUS 13 one for
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ii TO HIMSELF 15 Is violence done y
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ii TO HIMSELF 17 vided, putting wit
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ii TO HIMSELF 19 life than that whi
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ii TO HIMSELF 21 lacking for naught
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BOOK in MARCUS ANTONINUS 23 Watch w
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in TO HIMSELF 25 planning, or anyth
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in TO HIMSELF 27 Does man's life of
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in TO HIMSELF 29 still incomplete,
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in TO HIMSELF 31 ously, and conside
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BOOK IV CK coy r^P T^NOC ecMGN. CLE
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iv TO HIMSELF 35 when the understan
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iv TO HIMSELF 37 result is inevitab
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iv TO HIMSELF 39 not looking at wha
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iv TO HIMSELF 41 Do not be dazed by
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iv TO HIMSELF 43 munity of reason ;
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iv TO HIMSELF 45 fame ? Just emptin
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iv TO HIMSELF 47 All that befalls i
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iv TO HIMSELF 49 falls when it is r
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BOOK V IN the morning, when you fee
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v TO HIMSELF 53 I walk the ways of
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v TO HIMSELF 55 ing, it will make y
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v TO HIMSELF 57 ing the perfection
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v TO HIMSELF 59 have I now ? the ch
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v TO HIMSELF 61 man's true end lie
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TO HIMSELF 63 hindrance to action i
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v TO HIMSELF 65 to every man for hi
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v TO HIMSELF 67 what is a name but
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BOOK VI NOYC AieKo'cMHce TT&NT&. AN
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vi TO HIMSELF 71 not break tune or
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vi TO HIMSELF 73 current of time pe
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vi TO HIMSELF 75 yet themselves set
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vi TO HIMSELF 77 steadily to these,
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vi TO HIMSELF 79 I am of body and s
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vi TO HIMSELF 81 with it ; though t
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vi TO HIMSELF 83 they did, and the
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vi TO HIMSELF 85 characters of thos
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BOOK VII AC\(MCON. HERACLITUS HGoc
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vii TO HIMSELF 89 what is opportune
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vii TO HIMSELF 91 is to be good ; j
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vii TO HIMSELF 93 you ; your was be
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vii TO HIMSELF 95 Gods or atoms, it
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vii TO HIMSELF 97 himself or assign
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vii TO HIMSELF 99 disciplined to ci
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vii TO HIMSELF 101 that on which ac
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viz TO HIMSELF 103 one may have one
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vii TO HIMSELF 105 devoid of mind o
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BOOK vin MARCUS ANTONINUS 107 indul
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viii TO HIMSELF 109 their participa
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vin TO HIMSELF in accept Remember t
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vin TO HIMSELF 113 Secunda ; first
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vni TO HIMSELF 115 satisfied ; and
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vni TO HIMSELF 117 would the dead b
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vin TO HIMSELF 119 its own constitu
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vni TO HIMSELF 121 philosopher will
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vin TO HIMSELF 123 To my moral will
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BOOK IX DUCUNT VOLENTEM FATA, NOLEN
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ix TO HIMSELF 127 momentum to the c
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ix TO HIMSELF 129 overtakes you fro
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ix TO HIMSELF 131 Convert men, if y
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ix TO HIMSELF 133 stand whether it
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ix TO HIMSELF 135 politics, these s
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ix TO HIMSELF 137 fancy their censu
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ix TO HIMSELF 139 on what is not in
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ix TO HIMSELF 141 clown acting the
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BOOK x MARCUS ANTONINUS 143 their b
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x TO HIMSELF 145 do nothing for sel
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x TO HIMSELF 147 the physical curre
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x TO HIMSELF 149 men, commits himse
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x TO HIMSELF 151 change, and in dec
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x TO HIMSELF 153 The man drops seed
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x TO HIMSELF 155 then ? Why not be
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x TO HIMSELF 157 misadventures so-c
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x TO HIMSELF 159 in freedom thereby
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BOOK xi MARCUS ANTONINUS 161 our fa
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xi TO HIMSELF 163 Or Lives are reap
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xi TO HIMSELF 165 of true artist wo
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xi TO HIMSELF 167 Goodness, simplic
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xi TO HIMSELF 169 popularity, or so
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xi TO HIMSELF 171 measure of its po
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xi TO HIMSELF 173 aim must be socia
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xi TO HIMSELF 175 of assent ; and i
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BOOK xii MARCUS ANTONINUS 177 the p
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xii TO HIMSELF 179 or mind, he coul
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xii TO HIMSELF 181 fault with gods
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xii TO HIMSELF 183 The view taken i
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xii TO HIMSELF 185 every case so ha
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xii TO HIMSELF 187 combines with it
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APPENDIX SELECTED emendations of th
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APPENDIX 191 24, /. 2 After dueiNON
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APPENDIX 193 12, /. 8 Read H re an6
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MACMILLAN AND CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. T
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Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself - College of Stoic Philosophers

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