Linguistics Encyclopedia.pdf

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Key to contributors T.A. Tsutomu Akamatsu J.M.A. James M.Anderson J.B. Jacques Bourquin D.C.B. David C.Brazil E.K.B. E.Keith Brown T.D.-E. Tony Dudley-Evans S.E. Susan Edwards E.F.-J. Eli Fischer-Jørgensen W.A.F. William A.Foley R.F. Roger Fowler A.F. Anthony Fox M.A.G. Michael A.Garman C.H. Christopher Hookway R.F.I. Robert F.Ilson C.-W.K Chin-W.Kim G.N.L. Geoffrey N.Leech D.G.L. David G.Lockwood M.J.McC. Michael J.McCarthy M.M. Molly Mack M.K.C.MacM Michael K.C.MacMahon K.M. Kirsten Malmkjær M.Nk Mark Newbrook F.J.N. Frederick J.Newmeyer M.Nn Margaret Newton A.M.R. Allan M.Ramsay W.S-Y.W. William S-Y.Wang
Page 2 and 3: The LINGUISTICS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Page 4 and 5: Atlas of the World’s Languages Ch
Page 6 and 7: First published 1991 by Routledge 1
Page 9: Contents List of subjects x Preface
Page 12 and 13: British Sign Language (BSL): see Si
Page 14 and 15: Generative rhetoric: see Rhetoric G
Page 16 and 17: Morphophonology: see Morphology Mul
Page 18 and 19: Structuralist linguistics Stylistic
Page 20: According to some, language is lite
Page 25 and 26: Genre Analysis and its affiliation
Page 27 and 28: and main author) (1987), Hong Kong
Page 29 and 30: David, Tomas and Amy have lived wit
Page 31 and 32: The linguistics encyclopedia 2 Figu
Page 33 and 34: The linguistics encyclopedia 4 cont
Page 35 and 36: The linguistics encyclopedia 6 arti
Page 37 and 38: The linguistics encyclopedia 8 Figu
Page 39 and 40: The linguistics encyclopedia 10 are
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Page 45 and 46: The linguistics encyclopedia 16 The
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The linguistics encyclopedia 42 ‘
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MEANING REPRESENTATION AI has large
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The linguistics encyclopedia 46 do
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The linguistics encyclopedia 48 (Fi
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Artificial languages An artificial
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The linguistics encyclopedia 52 and
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The linguistics encyclopedia 54 lan
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Auditory phonetics DEFINITION Audit
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The linguistics encyclopedia 58 The
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The linguistics encyclopedia 60 ori
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The linguistics encyclopedia 62 Ano
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Augmented Transition Network (ATN)
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The linguistics encyclopedia 66 res
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Therefore, a listener must find the
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Behaviourist linguistics Behaviouri
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The linguistics encyclopedia 72 in
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The linguistics encyclopedia 74 inc
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Bilingualism and multilingualism Mo
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The linguistics encyclopedia 78 inf
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The linguistics encyclopedia 80 inc
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The linguistics encyclopedia 82 lan
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The linguistics encyclopedia 84 SOC
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Case grammar Case grammar was devel
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The linguistics encyclopedia 88 per
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their turn, to point to the problem
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The linguistics encyclopedia 92 SUG
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The linguistics encyclopedia 94 det
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The linguistics encyclopedia 96 In
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The linguistics encyclopedia 98 It
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The linguistics encyclopedia 100 Si
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The linguistics encyclopedia 102 au
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The linguistics encyclopedia 104 fo
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The linguistics encyclopedia 106 CO
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The linguistics encyclopedia 108 an
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The linguistics encyclopedia 114 a
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Critical linguistics The term criti
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The linguistics encyclopedia 120 M.
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The linguistics encyclopedia 122 Co
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The linguistics encyclopedia 124 2
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The linguistics encyclopedia 126 de
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The linguistics encyclopedia 128 Ot
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Diglossia The term diglossia was fi
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Discourse and conversational analys
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B. The symbols or terms in the desc
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The linguistics encyclopedia 136 re
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The linguistics encyclopedia 138 el
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The linguistics encyclopedia 140 si
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The linguistics encyclopedia 144 Ea
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The linguistics encyclopedia 148 RE
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The linguistics encyclopedia 150 /p
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The linguistics encyclopedia 152 Ta
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The linguistics encyclopedia 154 Th
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The linguistics encyclopedia 156 ne
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The English Dialect Society In 1870
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The linguistics encyclopedia 162 lo
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The linguistics encyclopedia 164 Po
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The linguistics encyclopedia 166 Pi
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Finite-state (Markov process) gramm
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Both of the premises of this argume
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Frege is a logician and Russell is
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Aristotelian logic, mentioned above
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It is not the case that some car in
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A, so MA. The linguistics encyclope
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Formal semantics INTRODUCTION Inspi
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The linguistics encyclopedia 184 (s
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to the extension of ‘F’; ‘ x
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We shall also have to introduce mor
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Functional grammar This article foc
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The linguistics encyclopedia 192 cl
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(c) In a ‘WH-interrogative’ the
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Table 2 (i) attributive (ii) identi
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The linguistics encyclopedia 198 ar
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The linguistics encyclopedia 214 th
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Generative grammar A generative gra
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following lines: The linguistics en
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The linguistics encyclopedia 224 de
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The linguistics encyclopedia 226 pr
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The linguistics encyclopedia 228 A
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The linguistics encyclopedia 230 di
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The linguistics encyclopedia 232 Fi
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Genre analysis Genre analysis is an
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The linguistics encyclopedia 238 Mo
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The linguistics encyclopedia 240 fa
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The linguistics encyclopedia 242 Re
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The linguistics encyclopedia 244 tr
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The linguistics encyclopedia 246 Fr
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carrum char cattum chat [ ] [ ] Whe
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first case is illustrated by Latin
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The linguistics encyclopedia 268 An
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The linguistics encyclopedia 270 ve
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During the thirteenth century, the
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MORPHOLOGOCAL AND SYNTACTICAL CHANG
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Dat. portae ad porta à la porte Ab
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The plural forms had no [s] but the
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The linguistics encyclopedia 280 LE
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The type of expansion in the case o
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The International Phonetic Alphabet
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The linguistics encyclopedia 302 Fo
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Interpretive semantics The label in
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The linguistics encyclopedia 306 ru
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The linguistics encyclopedia 310 (c
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The linguistics encyclopedia 312 is
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The communicative value of prominen
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single bar junctures [see PHONEMICS
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Language acquisition INTRODUCTION L
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The linguistics encyclopedia 326 no
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Next, the child applies X-bar theor
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of the range of application of the
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The linguistics encyclopedia 336 la
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The linguistics encyclopedia 338 he
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The linguistics encyclopedia 346 qu
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The linguistics encyclopedia 348 of
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Language surveys The development of
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The linguistics encyclopedia 360 On
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The linguistics encyclopedia 362 va
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Language typology Language typology
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man GEN woman DAT give NOM SUF -i p
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any languages which might evolve in
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overwhelmingly more than chance fre
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The linguistics encyclopedia 380 Di
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Lexical-functional grammar Lexical-
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(3) (SUB)→(OBJAG)/ (OBJ)→(SUBJ)
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derived nominalization: (OBJ)→(OF
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Lexicography WHAT IS A DICTIONARY?
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The linguistics encyclopedia 396 ca
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The linguistics encyclopedia 408 (C
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of language, excluding only the mos
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The linguistics encyclopedia 414 SU
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The linguistics encyclopedia 416 An
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The linguistics encyclopedia 418 ap
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Montague grammar Richard Montague w
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Origin of language The question of
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The linguistics encyclopedia 474 on
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The linguistics encyclopedia 476 Pr
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The linguistics encyclopedia 478 sa
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The linguistics encyclopedia 482 Pr
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characterize some people’s speech
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The linguistics encyclopedia 488 La
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The linguistics encyclopedia 490 be
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The linguistics encyclopedia 492 or
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The linguistics encyclopedia 494 GO
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The immediate linguistic context in
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Rationalist linguistics One of the
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Rhetoric INTRODUCTION An ancient Gr
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The linguistics encyclopedia 516 Sc
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The linguistics encyclopedia 518 ma
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The linguistics encyclopedia 520 Sy
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Semantics INTRODUCTION Semantics is
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we must, first, have a reasonably g
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Anyone alive is dead are false by v
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that is, ‘for all x and for all y
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movement through the air’. Simila
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The linguistics encyclopedia 534 fa
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Semiotics Semiotics or semiotic is
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The linguistics encyclopedia 538 St
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Two- and three-membered sequences a
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The linguistics encyclopedia 544 it
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The linguistics encyclopedia 546 Ne
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whole face upper face nose lower fa
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A number of specific changes in the
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The linguistics encyclopedia 552 Wh
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407-8) can be applied to BSL signs
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The linguistics encyclopedia 556 on
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Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics i
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Speech-act theory Speech-act theory
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The linguistics encyclopedia 562 be
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precise classifications both of the
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● In a dead metaphor, the origina
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Group 6: The linguistics encycloped
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The linguistics encyclopedia 572 em
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The linguistics encyclopedia 574 RA
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The linguistics encyclopedia 588 St
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The linguistics encyclopedia 590 GR
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text, and according to the Prague S
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The linguistics encyclopedia 596 gr
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The linguistics encyclopedia 598 te
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LIST OF TERMS WHICH MAY BE ENCOUNTE
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The linguistics encyclopedia 602 rh
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The linguistics encyclopedia 606 Si
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The linguistics encyclopedia 608 hu
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Tagmemics The term tagmeme was used
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Beaugrande and Dressier (1981, p. 1
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The linguistics encyclopedia 614 Eu
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Teaching English as a Foreign Langu
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The linguistics encyclopedia 618 to
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The linguistics encyclopedia 620 Ci
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The linguistics encyclopedia 622 sm
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1 Causality relations ‘concern th
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The linguistics encyclopedia 630 Gi
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The linguistics encyclopedia 632 IN
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The study of allowables will lead t
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The linguistics encyclopedia 644 4.
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the time, place, and manner of that
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It will be seen that the principal
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The linguistics encyclopedia 666 D-
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Writing systems A writing system (s
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The linguistics encyclopedia 672 wh
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The linguistics encyclopedia 674 gl
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Bibliography Aarts, J. and Meijs, W
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Bibliography 678 Bahl, L.R., Jeline
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Bibliography 680 Birdwhistle, R.L.
Page 711 and 712:
Bibliography 682 Bulletin du Cercle
Page 713 and 714:
Bibliography 684 Chomsky, N. (1970b
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Bibliography 686 Cruse, D.A. (1973)
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Bibliography 688 Dooling, D.J. and
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Bibliography 690 Fikes, R.E. and Ni
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Bibliography 692 Fraser, C., Bellug
Page 723 and 724:
Bibliography 694 Greenberg, J.H. (1
Page 725 and 726:
Bibliography 696 Heidolph, K.-E. (1
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Bibliography 698 Huckin, T. (1982),
Page 729 and 730:
Bibliography 700 Johnson-Laird, P.N
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Bibliography 702 Kintsch, W. and Di
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Bibliography 704 Landau, S.I. (1984
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Bibliography 706 Linguistic Minorit
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Bibliography 708 Mallon, S.T. (1985
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Bibliography 710 Motley, M.T. (1980
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Bibliography 712 Paradis, M. (1980d
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Bibliography 714 Ratcliff, R. and M
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Bibliography 716 Sankoff, G. (1977)
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Bibliography 718 Siegman, A.W. and
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Bibliography 720 Stemberger, J.P. (
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Bibliography 722 Tomlin, R.S. (1986
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Bibliography 724 Watson, J. (1809),
Page 755 and 756:
Bibliography 726 Young, R.E., Becke
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Index 728 additive bilingualism 58
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Index 730 answers see question-answ
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Index 732 augmentation, stylistics
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Index 734 breath groups, intonation
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Index 736 functional grammar 143-5
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conditional statements 130 conditio
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Index 740 covert categories 66 cove
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diachronic morphology 315 diachroni
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Index 744 Dravidian languages 214 D
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Index 746 bilingual children 58-60
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Index 748 Fillmore, C, case grammar
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fund of language 142 fusional langu
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Index 752 transformational-generati
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Index 754 IA (item-and-arrangement)
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Index 756 intension categorial gram
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Index 758 katakana, Japanese writin
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Index 760 lessons, discourse analys
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logical sequence relations 465 logi
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Index 764 metalanguage 90, 136 meta
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multiword lexical items 304 multiwo
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distinctive features 114-15 non-lin
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Oxford Text Archive 77 Paget Gorman
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Index 772 phonematic units, prosodi
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Index 774 polygenesis, pidgins and
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Index 776 productive capacity, comp
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Index 778 cohesion, text linguistic
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Index 780 sandhi, morphology 321 Sa
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Index 782 Scale and Category Gramma
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Index 784 spectra 3-4 spectrograms,
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Index 786 logic 135 subject-paced r
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prosodic phonology 358-9 Scale and
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theory of language, Artificial Inte
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Index 792 unhappy (infelicitous) pe
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tone languages 473 vocal tract acou
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