Illicit Drug use in the Asia Pacific Region - Burnet Institute

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situational analysis of illicit drug issues and responses in the Asia–Pacific region A collaborative project conducted by the Burnet Institute’s Centre for Harm Reduction and Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre Madonna Devaney Gary Reid Simon Baldwin A report prepared for the Australian National Council on Drugs, November 2004 – May 2005 12 ANCD research paper
© Australian National Council on Drugs 2006 This work is copyright . Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without the written permission of the publisher . Published by the Australian National Council on Drugs PO Box 1552, Canberra ACT 2601 Telephone: 02 6279 1650 Fax: 02 6279 1610 Email: ancd@ancd .org .au Website: www .ancd .org .au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data Devaney, Madonna . Situational analysis of illicit drug issues and responses in the Asia–Pacific region . Bibliography . ISBN 1 877018 14 7 . 1 . Drug abuse — Asia . 2 . Drug abuse — Pacific Area . 3 . Drug traffic — Asia . 4 . Drug traffic — Pacific Area . 5 . Drug control — Asia . 6 . Drug control — Pacific Area . 7 . Australia — Foreign relations — Asia . 8 . Australia — Foreign relations — Pacific Area . I . Reid, Gary . II . Baldwin, Simon . III . Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research . Centre for Harm Reduction . IV . Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre (Vic .) . V . Australian National Council on Drugs . VI . Title . (Series: ANCD Research Paper; no . 12) . 362 .29095 Editor: Julie Stokes Design: Starkis Design Printer: New Millennium Print Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by funding from the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing . The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the ANCD or the Australian Government . Contents Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Illicit drug issues and responses in Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Illicit drug issues and responses in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi 1 Situational analysis of illicit drug issues and responses in the Asia–Pacific region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 .1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1 .2 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2 Country summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 .1 Brunei Darussalam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2 .2 Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 2 .3 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 2 .4 Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 2 .5 Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 2 .6 Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 2 .7 Macao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 2 .8 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 2 .9 Myanmar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 2 .10 Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 2 .11 Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 2 .12 Timor-Leste (East Timor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 2 .13 Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 2 .14 The Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 iii
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Illicit Drug use in the Asia Pacific Region - Burnet Institute

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