Pvn H,i I'UitlS

272 CARDIIDyE.
newer pliocene deposit from the Belfast bed (Grainger)
to the Caithness boulder-clay (Peach), and also in the
Red Crag. Var. 1. Exmouth Ullapool and Lerwick
(J. G. J.) j Dublin Bay (Warren). Var. 2. Barmouth
and Shetland (J. G. J.j ; Inverary (M'Nab). The last
variety resembles in many respects the C. elegantulum of
Moller, and the C. strigilliferum, a Coralline Crag shell.
In two of my specimens some of the spines are vaulted
as in C. elegantulum. That species inhabits Greenland,
Iceland, and Finniark. The geographical range of C.
echinatum is very extensive. Fabricius has recorded it
from Greenland, Landt from the Faroe Isles, Loven
and others from Scandinavia, De Gerville and others
from the North of France, Risso and others from the
Mediterranean, Chiereghini from the Adriatic, Forbes
from the iEgean, and M 'Andrew from Vigo, Madeira,
and the Canaries.
O. F. Miiller says that the animal seems to be little
else than a huge foot. The coloured points, which stud
the orifices of the tubes (and also, according to the lastnamed
author, the margin of the mantle), may be analogous
to the " eyes " of a scallop. The largest British
I have measure a trifle more than two inches
specimens
and three quarters in length.
Those from the south of
Europe are much smaller. Sometimes the shell is par-
tially coated with a ferruginous deposit.
This common species was first described by Ronde-
letius as " Concha echinata ;" and although the specific
name was accompanied by expletives, and is pre-Linnean,
it has survived the changes consequent on the institution
of the binomial system. The young is the Cardium
ciliare of Pennant, C. parvum of Da Costa, and C. spatula
of Solander.