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CYPRINA. 303 paring the beaks to a ram's horns. Knorr, in his f DeliciaB Naturae selectse/ says " coeur de boeuf," and in Holland " zots-kappen " or fool's-cap. it is called in France It is the Bucardia communis of Schumacher and Iso- cardia Hibernica of Reeve. Genus II. CYPBTNA * Lamarck. PL VI. f. 2. Body suborbicular and fleshy : mantle rather thick, slightly retractile ; edge finely serrated : tubes extremely short, but separate ; orifices cirrous : foot large and extensile. Shell heart-shaped, convex, concentrically striated: epidermis thick and fibrous : beaks incurved : hi aide and corselet : wanting ligament almost wholly external : teeth, in each valve three cardinals, the outer one laminar, besides a single lateral on the posterior side. We now approach the boundaries of the Venerid7rpjs\ one of the names of Venus.
304 CYPRINIDJE. latitude, which were submerged during a comparatively recent geological period ; and they attest the extent of its diffusion in the glacial epoch. Other species occur in tertiary strata of an older formation ; and the history of the genus, according to Mr. Searles Wood, may perhaps date back from the Greensand. This genus was called Arctica by Schumacher, and Cardia, Nympha, and Asmidia by other authors. Cyprina Islan'dica *, Linne. Venus Islandica, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1131. C. Islandica, F. & H. i. p. 441, pi. xxix, and (animal) pi. M. f. 4. Body yellowish -white : mantle powdered for some depth with minute red-brown sandy points ; margin thickened, and marked with a slender brown line : tubes nearly sessile, tinged with red-brown ; each orifice is encircled at the base of the cirri which fringe it with a narrow bright red line, varying in intensity of colour ; cirri simple, about 20 surrounding the incurrent, and about half that number the excurrent tube ; from the latter tube frequently protrudes a globular, trans- membranous valve : parent, gills pale brown, unequal, coarsely pectinated, the outer leaflets more triangular and smaller than of moderate the inner : palps two on each side, pectinated, length, triangular and pointed : foot crum, rather long and sharply pointed. thick at the stalk or ful- Shell obliquely triangtdar, gibbous towards the beaks, numerous fine laminar and thick, rather : glossy sculpture, slightly undulating concentric striae, which become coarser and more irregular at the sides : colour yellowish-white faintly tinged with pink : epidermis chestnut passing into dark brown, of a lighter cast or sometimes yellowish with a prismatic hue in the young ; laminar strise : margins curved in front and at the anterior si'ie, obliquely truncate at the lower posterior end, and on that side bluntly angular, with an indistinct fold or flexure, which is more observable in immature : specimens beaks con- it is marked, like the surface of the shell, with siderably recurved : ligament strong and raised, horncolour or dark brown, partly enclosed in a groove on the dorsal edge : hinge-line obtusely angular : hinge-plate thick, broad, and * Icelandic.
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Pvn H,i I'UitlS ,1 1 Published hy J
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PRINTED IJY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED
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IV INTRODUCTION. synonymy and defin
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VI INTRODUCTION. overlooked, unless
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Vlll INTRODUCTION. sibility, of man
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X INTRODUCTION. up only stones and
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Xll INTRODUCTION. " Emersere fretis
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XIV INTRODUCTION. Who that breathes
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2 BRACHIOPODA. * lineage. The Lingu
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4 BRACHIOPODA. It deservedly gained
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6 BRACHIOPODA. not been satisfactor
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8 BRACHIOPODA. * Some Terebralula:
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10 TEREBRATULIDjE. * Jointed. Famil
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12 TEREBRATULID.E. complete at the
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14 TEREBRATULID.E. slight ears, or
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16 TEREBRATULID.E. hydrographical r
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18 TEREBRATULID.E. A. Shell ribbed.
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20 TEREBRATULID.E. mostly blunt and
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22 TEREBRATULID^. The beak resemble
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24 CRANIID.E. ** Hingeless. Family
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26 craniidjE. adapted to the angles
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28 CONCHIFERA. back, for the admiss
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30 ANOMIID.E. tioned the modern use
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32 ANOMIIDvE. similarly sculptured.
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34 ANOMIID^. ' tally detached from
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36 AXOMIIDJE. ture, the number and
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38 ostreidê. place, and especially
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40 OSTREID.E. those authorities whi
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42 ostreidjE. case. In the Report o
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44 0STREID.E. , separated by a wide
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46 OSTREIDÊ. part in the sad trage
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48 PECTINID^. ants between their te
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50 PECTINIDÊ. frame of a fan. Scal
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52 PECTINID/E. pitted, and sometime
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51 PECTINID.E. striae : colour red,
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56 PECTINID^. have the fry attached
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58 PECTINID.E. P. Islandicus, Miill
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60 PECTINID.E. hinge and preventing
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62 pectinid^:. P. opercularis may b
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64 PECUNIAE. portionate size of the
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66 PECTINID^. the byssal sinus is f
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68 PECTINID^. which radiate from th
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70 pectinidjE. consists of numerous
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72 PECTINIBvE. prominent : ears lon
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74 PECTINID.E. rarely, the colour i
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76 PECTINID.E. whatever they lie up
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78 PECTINIDÊ. its own. This remark
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80 PECTINID^. could scarcely be dis
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82 PECTIXID.E. Skye ; but although
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84 PECTINID-E. valve now before me,
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86 PECTINIDJE. depths. Capt. Beeche
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88 PECTINID.E. perforated in the ce
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90 PECTINID^. worms. The fry are of
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92 PECTINIDJ2. difficulty taken off
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94 AVICULID.E. Shell shaped like th
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96 aviculid^:. and the opposite one
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98 AVICULIDiE. (contained in the '
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100 AVICULID.E. Shell tapering to a
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102 MYTILIDÊ. requires five or six
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104 MYTILIM. mined the beaks in a c
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106 MYTILIM. M. hesperianus of Lama
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108 mytilidê. the glass. It is als
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110 MYTILIDjE. being at the time in
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112 MYTILID.E. curved, placed a lit
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114 mytilidjE. scription agrees ad
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116 MYTILID^. black epidermis and q
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118 MYTILID.E. gas generated in the
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120 MYTTLID^:. invests itself in a
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122 MYTILIDiE. and those on each si
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124 mytilidjE. localities given by
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126 MYTILIDJE. shaped ; the central
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128 mytilid^:. Anglesea, in the lin
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130 MYTILIM. coast, one of them mea
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132 MYTILID^l. water mark to 20 fat
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134 mytilidjs. in C. rhombea, owing
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136 MYTILID^. bivalve. Mr. Bean kin
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138 ARCID.E. addition to, or subtit
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140 ARCID.E. Genus I. NU'CULA*, Lam
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142 ARCID.E. are crossed by finer l
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144 ARCID^. numerous fine striae wh
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146 ARCIDM. colouring. The first gr
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148 ARCID.E. The difficulty arising
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]50 arcidjE. and at depths ranging
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152 ARCID^S. mistaken in giving Ten
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154 ARCID.E. writers to the so-call
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156 ARCIDiE. filaments : tubes unit
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158 ARCID.E. Calabrian tertiaries.
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160 ARCIM. lias a differently const
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162 ARCID^l. area, or the cavity be
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164 ARCIDiE. by a Pinna of the comp
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166 arcidjE. not seem expedient to
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168 ARCIDiE. fry have a square shap
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170 arcidjE. as in the last genus ;
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172 arcid^:. aspect : colour yellow
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174 ARCID&. he referred to the latt
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176 ARCID.E. compressed in the midd
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178 akcidjE. times distinctly visib
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180 ARCID/E. certainly not that of
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182 ARCID.E. sen has dredged it on
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184 GALEOMMIM. A. imbricata, or an
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186 GALEOMMIDiE. brated voyage in t
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188 GALEOMMIDJE. are said to be pro
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190 GALEOMMID.E. in a raised beach,
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192 kelliid^:. Clark does not menti
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194 KELLIID.E. that the shell gapes
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196 KELLIID.E. This curious shell w
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198 KELLIIDiE. ing another lively s
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200 KELLIIDiE. occupies the broader
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202 KELLIID.E. Mr. M 'Andrew's coll
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204 KELLIIDÊ. Genus II. MONTACU'TA
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206 KELLIIDJE. lines of growth : co
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208 KELLIID.E. astonishing. Many hu
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210 KELLIIDÊ. in 8 fathoms, and I
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212 KELLIID.E. and somewhat thicken
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214 KELLIIDiE. extremities, not obs
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216 KELLIID.E. Recluz Erycina Franc
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218 kelliidjE. leading characterist
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220 kelliid.i:. middle, produced or
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222 KELLIID^. diately fixes itself,
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224 kelliidtE. and the Sphariidce p
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226 kelliidjE. beak, Tellimya lacte
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228 KELLIIDiE. who placed it in the
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230 LUCINIM. According to Valencien
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232 lucixid^. Genus I. LO'RIPES * P
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234 LUCINIDiE. our southern, south-
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236 LUCINID^. rare. Montagu obtaine
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238 lucinidjE. before I can recogni
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240 lucinice. and not less to the c
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242 LUCINID^. orange tint, and thei
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244 lucinidjE. digged much in nearl
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246 LUCINID.E. If Lucina has been p
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248 LUCINID^. gular lines of growth
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250 LVQimi)m> Molluscorum litora Sc
Page 267 and 268: 252 LUCINID/E. soalpture, irregular
Page 269 and 270: 254 LUCINID.E. Diplodonta rotunda't
Page 271 and 272: 256 CARBIT1D.E. Family X. CARDITDXE
Page 273 and 274: 258 CARDITIDyE. above-named, I feel
Page 275 and 276: 260 CARDITIDÊ. posterior side proj
Page 277 and 278: 262 CARDITID^. Zostera marina. I ha
Page 279 and 280: 264 cardiid^:. cardia coralliophaga
Page 281 and 282: 266 cardiid^:, ments : gills short
Page 283 and 284: 268 CARDIID^. loped in the tertiari
Page 285 and 286: 270 cardiidjE. they are sometimes m
Page 287 and 288: 272 CARDIIDyE. newer pliocene depos
Page 289 and 290: 274 CARDIID^. the posterior extremi
Page 291 and 292: ~~6 CARDlIDvE. runs from the beak t
Page 293 and 294: 278 CARmiDM. 5. C. exi'guum*, Grmel
Page 295 and 296: 280 CARDIID.E. ling) couldn't get o
Page 297 and 298: 282 CARDIID.E. Yar. 1. globosa. bei
Page 299 and 300: 284 cardiidjE. and gradually compre
Page 301 and 302: 286 CARDIID.E. 8. C. edu'le *, Linn
Page 303 and 304: 288 CARDIID^. inclined to refer to
Page 305 and 306: .290 CARDIIDiE. variableness of the
Page 307 and 308: 292 CARDIIDiE. ton were a quantity
Page 309 and 310: 294 CARDIID.E. It is the C. Suedien
Page 311 and 312: 296 CARDTIDÊ. what he at Breydon,
Page 313 and 314: 298 CYPRINID.E. Genus I. ISOCAE/DIA
Page 315 and 316: 300 CYPRIXIDÊ. live Crag, and. it
Page 317: 302 CYPRINID.E. taken four or more
Page 321 and 322: 306 CYPRINID.Ec heaped up in extrao
Page 323 and 324: 308 CYPRINID.E. Fossil Shells/ from
Page 325 and 326: 310 CYPRINIDJE. crenulation of the
Page 327 and 328: 312 CYPRINID.E. cardinals, of which
Page 329 and 330: 314 CYPRINID^. g-round : doubtful s
Page 331 and 332: 316 CYPRINIDJE. a bevelled edge : p
Page 333 and 334: 318 CYPRINID^. B. Smootli or slight
Page 335 and 336: 320 cyprinidjE. coarsely fibrous. T
Page 337 and 338: 3.22 CYPRINID.E. and the latter nam
Page 339 and 340: 324 VENERID.E. has dredged it in Ma
Page 341 and 342: 326 VENER1DJE. Genus I. VENUS *, Li
Page 343 and 344: 328 veneridjE. anteriorly, but as t
Page 345 and 346: 330 VENERIUM. formis of J. Sowerby,
Page 347 and 348: 332 VEXERIDÊ. nitidissima. It is n
Page 349 and 350: 334 VENERIDiE. the Azores (Drouet).
Page 351 and 352: 336 VENERIDyE. teeth ; margin very
Page 353 and 354: 338 VENERIDvE. crossed by similar b
Page 355 and 356: 340 venerid^:. Shell nearly globose
Page 357 and 358: 342 venerid^:. D. Mantle-tubes disu
Page 359 and 360: 344 VENERIB.E. gated, as that of so
Page 361 and 362: 346 veneriDjE. cardinal tooth: insi
Page 363 and 364: 348 VENERID-S. shorter than they ha
Page 365 and 366: 350 VENERID^. and the same numerous
Page 367 and 368: 352 veneridjE. circled with reddish
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354 VENERID2E. Bushbury Hill near W
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356 VENERIDiE. brown ; the upper pa
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358 VENERIUM. ers w or " pullets "
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360 VENERID.E. are more strongly pe
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362 VENERID.E. My largest specimen
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364 VENERID2E. young : beaks small,
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386 TELLINID.E. This large and well
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368 TELLINIDiE. worn off and pale y
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370 TELLINID.E. Genus II. TELLI'NA
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372 tellinim:. but not extend- gitu
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374 TELLINID.E. and contiguous umbo
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376 TELLINIDÊ. earlier stages of g
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378 TELLINIDJ5. fold being less dee
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380 TELLINIDjE. Habitat : All sandy
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382 TELLINID.E. 5. T. fa'bula*, Gro
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384 TELLIXIDiE. 6. T. squa'lida*, P
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.'386 tellinidê. G. Shell oblong,
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388 TELLlNIDiE. chi) ; Sicily (Plii
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390 TELLINIDÊ. == Macroma tenera,
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392 TELLINID.E. 1. Psammobia tellin
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394 TELLINID.E. with rapidity, the
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396 TELLINID^. 3. P. Ferroensis *j
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398 TELLIXID.E. P. Ferroensis was p
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400 TELLINID.E. with the usual shor
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402 tellinidjE. of Tellina (e. g. T
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404 TELLINIBvE. dorsal margin on th
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406 TELLINID.E. to have lost sight
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408 TELLINID.E. ing small rolls of
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410 TELLINIDÊ. present species occ
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412 MACTRID.E. however, a numerous
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414 MACTRIDvE. fathoms (Barlee) . I
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416 MACTRIDJS. below them a bright
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418 mactrid^:. south of Sweden (Lov
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420 mactrim. than fringed: tubes cl
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422 MACTRID^. and more than three q
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424 MACTRID.E. in all our upper ter
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426 MACTRIDÊ. curved on the anteri
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428 mactridjE. that the laterals in
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430 MACTRIDiE. coasts of Northumber
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432 MACTMD.E. they live together an
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434 mactrid^. and Hanley, and (with
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436 mactridjE. which are bluntly cr
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438 MACTRID.E. published at Copenha
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440 MACTRTD^. Habitat : Estuaries,
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442 MACTRlDiE. 4. S. te'nuis*, Mont
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444 MACTRID.E. water. The former oc
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446 mactrid^:. lini that at Spezzia
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448 TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION. Table of
Page 465 and 466:
450 TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION. Species.
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ERRATA. Page 133, line 12 from top,
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454 INDEX. Arca {continued). Pennan
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456 INDEX. Clausina, Jeffr., 247. C
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458 INDEX. Lima {continued). aperta
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460 INDEX. Murex (continued). trunc
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462 INDEX. Peloris, Poli, 38. Perna
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464 INDEX. Tellina {continued). tru
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
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1. fecten 2. Lund 3. AvLcula,. - -
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a. Nucula,. i \ ctunciohos. Plate I
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Isoeardca / / /'/ w. Plate VI. ' y
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1. AjrvphiaZesma 3. L ///"/'///-///
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