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Literature review Table 2.7: Explant sources and PGR's used by various authors for direct shoot or meristimoid organogenesis in genera <strong>of</strong> Iridaceae. Where the concentrations <strong>of</strong> PGR's are not mentioned, the study included multiple species within the genus, each reacted differently to various concentrations. A question mark indicates that the specific parameter is not included in the described publication. The genera are grouped phylogenetically, with vertical text on the right showing classification. Subfamily Ixioideae Tribe Ixieae Subtribe Romuleinae Babianinae Ixiinae Genus Crocus Babiana Ixia Dierama Sparaxis Author(s) BHAGYALAKSHMI (2000) Ovary 21.6 M NAA and 22.2 M BA HOMES, LEGROS and JAZIRI (1987) PLESSNER, ZIV and NEGBI (1990) MCALISTER, JÄGER and VAN STADEN (1998) JÄGER, MCALISTER and VAN STADEN (1995) MEYER and VAN STADEN (1988) Explant (s) PGR(s) Corm 0.5 M kinetin and 4.5 M 2,4-D; followed by subculture in 9.1 M 2,4-D Corm 1.4 µM GA3, 2.3 M 2,4-D and 2.3 M kinetin Hypocotyl 4.4 M BA and 5.3 M NAA Hypocotyl 4.4 M BA and 5.4 M NAA Corm, Leaf 5 or 10 M BA SUTTER (1986) Corm 4.4 M BA KOETLE, FINNIE and VAN STADEN (2010) Seedling hypocotyl 1.0 M zeatin MADUBANYA (2004) Hypocotyl 2.2 µM BA PAGE and VAN STADEN (1985) HUSSEY (1975) Corm, Inflorescence Corm 2.7 µM NAA / No PGR's 0.2 to 0.7 µM NAA HUSSEY (1976) Shoot 0.5 µM BA 87
Subfamily Ixioideae (continued) Tribe Ixieae (continued) Subtribe Gladiolinae Freesiinae Genus Gladiolus Freesia Author(s) DANTU and BHOJWANI (1987) Corm 2.2 µM BA DANTU and BHOJWANI (1995) Corm 2.2 µM BA DE BRUYN and FERREIRA (1992) Explant (s) HUSSEY (1975) Corm, Inflorescence Literature review PGR(s) Corm 2.2 µM to 8.9 µM BA 0.2 to 0.7 µM NAA HUSSEY (1976) Shoot 0.5 µM BA HUSSEY (1977a) Corm 0.5 to 1.3 µM BA JÄGER, MCALISTER and VAN STADEN (1998) KUMAR, SOOD, PALNI and GUPTA (1999) LILIEN-KIPNIS and KOCHBA (1987) Hypocotyl 5.3 M BA and 4.4 M NAA Corm, Inflorescence 2.5 M BA and 10.0 M NAA Corm kinetin/BA and NAA TAN NHUT, TEIXEIRA DA SILVA, HUYEN and PAEK (2004) Corm 2.2 M BA SEN and SEN (1995). Corm 1.0 mg.l-1 BA STEINITZ, COHEN, GOLDBERG and KOCHBA (1991) STEINTZ and LILIEN-KIPNIS (1989) Corm 0.3 M BA and 0.1 M NAA Corm 0.3 M BA and 0.1 M NAA SUTTER (1986) Corm 4.4 µM BA ZIV and LILIEN-KIPNIS (2000) Inflorescence 10 M kinetin and 5 M NAA ZIV (1970) Corm 2.7 M kinetin and 2.3 M NAA ZIV (1989) Corm 10 M BA and 0.25 M NAA ZIV, RONEN and RAVIV (1998) Corm 0.5 M NAA, 0.5- 5.0 M BA and 1.7 M PP3 HUSSEY (1975) Corm, Inflorescence 0.2 to 0.7 µM NAA HUSSEY (1976) Shoot 2.2 to 35.5 µM BA HUSSEY (1977b) Corm 2.2 to 8.9 µM BA 88
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Propagation of Romulea species Pier
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Contents 2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY
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Contents 5.3.1 Explants from seedli
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Abstract The suitability of various
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Declarations I Pierre André Swart,
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Declarations DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTIO
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Publications from this thesis ASCOU
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List of Figures Figure 2.13: Suther
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was significantly different from th
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Names of
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List of Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dic
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Die vlakhaas spits sy oor hy het di
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As die mens dan ook so sy dankbaarh
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Introduction where a great number o
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Introduction The subgenera Romulea
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2 Literature review Leef van daad e
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Literature review Figure 2.2: Life
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Literature review Figure 2.4: Life
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Literature review The plants are sh
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Literature review flowers (DE VOS,
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Literature review often found on cl
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Literature review flowers of R. lei
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Literature review flattened upper s
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2.2.16 Romulea tabularis Literature
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Literature review extinct, R. papyr
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Literature review R. leipoldtii occ
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Literature review Figure 2.8: Calvi
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Literature review Figure 2.14: Fras
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Figure 2.20: Nieuwoudtville weather
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Literature review Figure 2.26: Grah
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Page 63 and 64: Literature review Figure 2.30: A te
Page 65 and 66: Literature review Macronutrients ca
Page 67 and 68: Literature review The soils of the
Page 69 and 70: Literature review The embryo is the
Page 71 and 72: Literature review Phase 2 is seen a
Page 73 and 74: Literature review endogenous gibber
Page 75 and 76: Literature review tolerable level (
Page 77 and 78: Literature review these channels pe
Page 79 and 80: Literature review 2.8.7 Seed dorman
Page 81 and 82: Literature review the embryo (COPEL
Page 83 and 84: Literature review germinated under
Page 85 and 86: Literature review (COPELAND, 1976).
Page 87 and 88: 2.9 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTUR
Page 89 and 90: Literature review (DEBERGH, 1994).
Page 91 and 92: Literature review PIERIK (1997) sta
Page 93 and 94: Literature review The distinguishin
Page 95 and 96: Literature review The essential fun
Page 97 and 98: 2.9.3.4 Abscisic acid Literature re
Page 99 and 100: Table 2.6: Example of a matrix to e
Page 101 and 102: Literature review Young embryos req
Page 103 and 104: Literature review and the addition
Page 105 and 106: Literature review organ is then pro
Page 107 and 108: Literature review environmental str
Page 109 and 110: 2.11 IN VITRO FLOWERING Literature
Page 111: Literature review higher regenerati
Page 115 and 116: Literature review Table 2.8: Corm i
Page 117 and 118: 3 Investigation into the habitat of
Page 119 and 120: Soil sampling and analysis The firs
Page 121 and 122: Soil sampling and analysis Table 3.
Page 123 and 124: 4 Germination physiology 4.1 INTROD
Page 125 and 126: 4.2.2 Water content and imbibition
Page 127 and 128: Germination physiology (-N), phosph
Page 129 and 130: Germination physiology rosea seeds
Page 131 and 132: Germination physiology Figure 4.4:
Page 133 and 134: Germination (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 77
Page 135 and 136: Germination (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 c
Page 137 and 138: Germination physiology The relative
Page 139 and 140: Germination physiology seeds of R.
Page 141 and 142: 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro
Page 143 and 144: In vitro culture initiation and mul
Page 145 and 146: 5.2.3 Explant comparison In vitro c
Page 159 and 160: 5.4 DISCUSSION In vitro culture ini
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6 In vitro corm formation and flowe
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In vitro corm formation and floweri
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6.3 RESULTS 6.3.1 Corm formation In
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Commercialization potential of Romu
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Commercialization potential of Romu
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BASKIN, C. C., and BASKIN, J. M. (1
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Literature cited DOWLING, P. M., CL
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Literature cited HILTON-TAYLOR, C.
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Literature cited KUMAR, A., SOOD, A
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Literature cited PIERIK, R. L. M. (
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Literature cited STEINITZ, B., COHE
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