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Literature cited JÄGER, A. K., MCALISTER, B. G., and VAN STADEN, J. (1998). In vitro culture of Gladiolus carneus. South African Journal of Botany 64: 146-147. JANN, R. C., and AMEN, R. D. (1977). What is germination? In: The physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination. Eds: Khan, A.A. North-Holland, New York, pp. 7-28. JONES, R. L., and STODDART, J. L. (1977). Gibberellins and seed germination In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Dormancy and Germination. Eds: Khan, A.A. North-Holland, New York, pp. 78-109. KANE, M. E. (2004). Shoot culture procedures In: Plant development and biotechnology. Eds: Trigiano, R.N. and Gray, D.J. CRC, New York, pp. 145-157. KHAN, A. A. (1977). Seed dormancy: changing concepts and theories In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Dormancy and Germination. Eds: Khan, A.A. North-Holland, New York, pp. 29-50. KOETLE, M. J., FINNIE, J. F., and VAN STADEN, J. (2010). In vitro regeneration in Dierama erectum. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 103: 23-31. KÖK, T., BILGEN, A., ÖZDEMIR, C., KUTBAY, H. G., and KESKIN, M. (2007). Macroelement (N, P, K) contents of Romulea columnae Seb. and Mauri Subsp. culumnae during vegetative and generative growth phases. Journal of Plant Sciences 2: 440-446. KOLLER, D. (1972). Environmental Control of Seed Germination In: Seed Biology. Eds: Kozlowski, T.T.2 3 vols Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 447. KRIKORIAN, A. D., and KANN, R. P. (1986). Regeneration in Liliaceae, Iridaceae, and Amaryllidaceae In: Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants. Eds: Vasil, I.K.3 Academic Press, Orlando, pp. 187-205. KULKARNI, M. G., SPARG, S. G., and VAN STADEN, J. (2006a). Dark conditioning, cold stratification and a smoke-derived compound enhance the germination of Eucomis autumnalis subsp. autumnalis seeds. South African Journal of Botany 72: 157–162. KULKARNI, M. G., SPARG, S. G., and VAN STADEN, J. (2006b). Germination and post-germination response of Acacia seeds to smoke-water and butenolide, a smoke-derived compound. Journal of Arid Environments 69: 177–187. KULKARNI, M. G., STREET, R. A., and VAN STADEN, J. (2007). Germination and seedling growth requirements for propagation of Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) Dur. and Schinz — A tuberous medicinal plant. South African Journal of Botany 73: 131–137. 161
Literature cited KUMAR, A., SOOD, A., PALNI, L. M. S., and GUPTA, A. K. (1999). In vitro propagation of Gladiolus hybridus Hort.: Synergistic effect of heat shock and sucrose on morphogenesis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 57: 105-112. KYTE, L., and KLEYN, J. (1996). Plants from test tubes: An introduction to micropropagation. 3rd ed. Timber Press, Inc., Portland. LAWRENCE, E. (2000). Henderson's dictionary of biological terms. 12 ed. Prentice Hall, Harlow. LEADEM, C. L. (1984). Quick Tests for Tree Seed Viability. 18. B.C. Ministry of Forests Research Laboratory, Victoria. LECLERC, J.-C. (2003). Plant Ecophysiology. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield. LEUBNER-METZGER, G. (2006). Hormonal interactions during seed dormancy release and germination In: Handbook of Seed Science and Technology. Eds: Basra, A.S. The Haworth Press, Inc., New York, pp. 303-341. LIGHT, M. E., GARDNER, M. J., JÄGER, A. K., and VAN STADEN, J. (2002). Dual regulation of seed germination by smoke solutions. Plant Growth Regulation 37: 135-141. LIGHT, M. E., KULKARNI, M. G., ASCOUGH, G.D., and VAN STADEN, J. (2007). Improved flowering of a South African Watsonia with smoke treatments. South African Journal of Botany 73: 298 LILIEN-KIPNIS, H., and KOCHBA, M. (1987). Mass propagation of new gladiolus hybrids. Acta Horticulturae 212: 631-637. LOVELAND, P. J., and WHALLEY, W. R. (1991). Particle size analysis In: Soil Analysis: Physical Methods. Eds: Smith, K.A. and Mullins, C.E. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 620. MADUBANYA, L. G. (2004). In vitro conservation of endangered Dierama species. MSc thesis. University of KwaZulu-Natal. MANNING, J. C., and GOLDBLATT, P. (1996). West coast. South African Wild Flower Guide, 7. Botanical Society of South Africa, Kirstenbosch. MANNING, J. C., and GOLDBLATT, P. (1997). Nieuwoudtville: Bokkeveld Plateau & Hantam. South African Wild Flower Guide, 9. Botanical Society of South Africa, Kirstenbosch. MANNING, J. C., and GOLDBLATT, P. (2001). A synoptic review of Romulea (Iridaceae: Crocoideae) in sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra including new species, biological notes, and a new infrageneric classification. Adansonia 23: 59-108. 162
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Propagation of Romulea species Pier
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Contents 2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY
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Contents 5.3.1 Explants from seedli
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Abstract The suitability of various
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Declarations I Pierre André Swart,
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Declarations DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTIO
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Publications from this thesis ASCOU
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List of Figures Figure 2.13: Suther
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was significantly different from th
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Names of
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List of Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dic
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Die vlakhaas spits sy oor hy het di
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As die mens dan ook so sy dankbaarh
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Introduction where a great number o
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Introduction The subgenera Romulea
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2 Literature review Leef van daad e
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Literature review Figure 2.2: Life
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Literature review Figure 2.4: Life
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Literature review The plants are sh
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Literature review flowers (DE VOS,
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Literature review often found on cl
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Literature review flowers of R. lei
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Literature review flattened upper s
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2.2.16 Romulea tabularis Literature
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Literature review extinct, R. papyr
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Literature review R. leipoldtii occ
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Literature review Figure 2.8: Calvi
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Literature review Figure 2.14: Fras
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Figure 2.20: Nieuwoudtville weather
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Literature review Figure 2.26: Grah
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Literature review Figure 2.29: Diag
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Literature review Figure 2.30: A te
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Literature review Macronutrients ca
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Literature review The soils of the
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Literature review The embryo is the
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Literature review Phase 2 is seen a
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Literature review endogenous gibber
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Literature review tolerable level (
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Literature review these channels pe
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Literature review 2.8.7 Seed dorman
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Literature review the embryo (COPEL
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Literature review germinated under
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Literature review (COPELAND, 1976).
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2.9 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTUR
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Literature review (DEBERGH, 1994).
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Literature review PIERIK (1997) sta
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Literature review The distinguishin
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Literature review The essential fun
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2.9.3.4 Abscisic acid Literature re
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Table 2.6: Example of a matrix to e
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Literature review Young embryos req
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Literature review and the addition
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Literature review organ is then pro
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Literature review environmental str
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2.11 IN VITRO FLOWERING Literature
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Literature review higher regenerati
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Subfamily Ixioideae (continued) Tri
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Literature review Table 2.8: Corm i
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3 Investigation into the habitat of
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Soil sampling and analysis The firs
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Soil sampling and analysis Table 3.
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4 Germination physiology 4.1 INTROD
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4.2.2 Water content and imbibition
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Germination physiology (-N), phosph
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Germination physiology rosea seeds
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Germination physiology Figure 4.4:
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Germination (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 77
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Page 137 and 138: Germination physiology The relative
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Page 141 and 142: 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro
Page 143 and 144: In vitro culture initiation and mul
Page 145 and 146: 5.2.3 Explant comparison In vitro c
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Page 163 and 164: 6 In vitro corm formation and flowe
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Page 167 and 168: 6.3 RESULTS 6.3.1 Corm formation In
Page 177 and 178: Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 179 and 180: Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 181 and 182: BASKIN, C. C., and BASKIN, J. M. (1
Page 183 and 184: Literature cited DOWLING, P. M., CL
Page 185: Literature cited HILTON-TAYLOR, C.
Page 189 and 190: Literature cited PIERIK, R. L. M. (
Page 191 and 192: Literature cited STEINITZ, B., COHE
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