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3 Investigation into the habitat <strong>of</strong> Romulea sabulosa and Romulea Contents monadelpha: Soil sampling and analysis 92 3.1 INTRODUCTION 92 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 93 3.3 RESULTS 94 4.4 DISCUSSION 97 4.5 SUMMARY 97 4 Germination physiology 98 4.1 INTRODUCTION 98 4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 98 4.2.1 Viability tests 99 4.2.2 Water content and imbibition rate 100 4.2.3 Scanning electron microscopy 100 4.2.4 Ex vitro germination experiments 100 4.2.5 In vitro germination experiments 102 4.2.6 Statistical analysis 102 4.3 RESULTS 103 4.3.1 Viability tests 103 4.3.2 Water content and imbibition rate 103 4.3.3 Scanning electron microscopy 105 4.3.4 Ex vitro germination experiments 108 4.3.5 In vitro germination experiments 110 4.4 DISCUSSION 111 4.5 SUMMARY 114 5 In vitro culture initiation and multiplication 115 5.1 INTRODUCTION 115 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 116 5.2.1 Explants from seedlings 116 5.2.2 Explants from embryos 117 5.2.3 Explant comparison 120 5.2.4 Shoot multiplication 120 5.2.5 Statistical analysis 121 5.3 RESULTS 121 iii
Contents 5.3.1 Explants from seedlings 121 5.3.2 Explants from embryos 122 5.3.3 Explant comparison 130 5.3.4 Shoot multiplication 132 5.4 DISCUSSION 134 5.5 SUMMARY 136 6 In vitro corm formation and flowering and ex vitro acclimatization 6.1 INTRODUCTION 138 6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 138 6.2.1 Corm formation 138 6.2.2 In vitro flowering 140 6.2.3 Ex vitro acclimatization and corm viability 140 6.3 RESULTS 142 6.3.1 Corm formation 142 6.3.2 In vitro flowering 145 6.3.3 Ex vitro acclimatization and corm viability 145 6.4 DISCUSSION 147 6.5 SUMMARY 150 7 Commercialization potential <strong>of</strong> Romulea species 151 8 Literature cited 155 iv
Page 1 and 2: Propagation of Romulea species Pier
Page 3: Contents 2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY
Page 7 and 8: Abstract The suitability of various
Page 9 and 10: Declarations I Pierre André Swart,
Page 11 and 12: Declarations DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTIO
Page 13 and 14: Publications from this thesis ASCOU
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 2.13: Suther
Page 17 and 18: was significantly different from th
Page 19 and 20: List of Tables Table 2.1: Names of
Page 21 and 22: List of Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dic
Page 23 and 24: Die vlakhaas spits sy oor hy het di
Page 25 and 26: As die mens dan ook so sy dankbaarh
Page 27 and 28: Introduction where a great number o
Page 29 and 30: Introduction The subgenera Romulea
Page 31 and 32: 2 Literature review Leef van daad e
Page 33 and 34: Literature review Figure 2.2: Life
Page 35 and 36: Literature review Figure 2.4: Life
Page 37 and 38: Literature review The plants are sh
Page 39 and 40: Literature review flowers (DE VOS,
Page 41 and 42: Literature review often found on cl
Page 43 and 44: Literature review flowers of R. lei
Page 45 and 46: Literature review flattened upper s
Page 47 and 48: 2.2.16 Romulea tabularis Literature
Page 49 and 50: Literature review extinct, R. papyr
Page 51 and 52: Literature review R. leipoldtii occ
Page 53 and 54: Literature review Figure 2.8: Calvi
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Literature review Figure 2.14: Fras
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Figure 2.20: Nieuwoudtville weather
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Literature review Figure 2.26: Grah
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Literature review Figure 2.29: Diag
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Literature review Figure 2.30: A te
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Literature review Macronutrients ca
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Literature review The soils of the
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Literature review The embryo is the
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Literature review Phase 2 is seen a
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Literature review endogenous gibber
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Literature review tolerable level (
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Literature review these channels pe
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Literature review 2.8.7 Seed dorman
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Literature review the embryo (COPEL
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Literature review germinated under
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Literature review (COPELAND, 1976).
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2.9 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTUR
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Literature review (DEBERGH, 1994).
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Literature review PIERIK (1997) sta
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Literature review The distinguishin
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Literature review The essential fun
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2.9.3.4 Abscisic acid Literature re
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Table 2.6: Example of a matrix to e
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Literature review Young embryos req
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Literature review and the addition
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Literature review organ is then pro
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Literature review environmental str
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2.11 IN VITRO FLOWERING Literature
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Literature review higher regenerati
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Subfamily Ixioideae (continued) Tri
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Literature review Table 2.8: Corm i
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3 Investigation into the habitat of
Page 119 and 120:
Soil sampling and analysis The firs
Page 121 and 122:
Soil sampling and analysis Table 3.
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4 Germination physiology 4.1 INTROD
Page 125 and 126:
4.2.2 Water content and imbibition
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Germination physiology (-N), phosph
Page 129 and 130:
Germination physiology rosea seeds
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Germination physiology Figure 4.4:
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Germination (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 77
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Germination (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 c
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Germination physiology The relative
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Germination physiology seeds of R.
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5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro
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In vitro culture initiation and mul
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5.2.3 Explant comparison In vitro c
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5.4 DISCUSSION In vitro culture ini
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6 In vitro corm formation and flowe
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In vitro corm formation and floweri
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6.3 RESULTS 6.3.1 Corm formation In
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Commercialization potential of Romu
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Commercialization potential of Romu
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BASKIN, C. C., and BASKIN, J. M. (1
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Literature cited DOWLING, P. M., CL
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Literature cited HILTON-TAYLOR, C.
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Literature cited KUMAR, A., SOOD, A
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Literature cited PIERIK, R. L. M. (
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Literature cited STEINITZ, B., COHE
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