View/Open - ResearchSpace - University of KwaZulu-Natal

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Literature review membranous margins while the inner bracts are slightly shorter with broad, brown streaked, membranous margins (DE VOS, 1983; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). R. citrina flowers from August to September with 1 to 4 flowers (DE VOS, 1972; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). These plants reach a height of 80 to 350 mm, and sometimes reach up to 450 mm. The stem is subterranean or reaches 20 mm above the ground. The plant has 3 to 4 filiform leaves of which the lower two are basal (DE VOS, 1983; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). The leaves are narrowly grooved with 4 grooves. They are compressed cylindrically and curve outward (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). This species occurs in wet sites with sandy or stony ground in Namaqualand where it is common in the Kamiesberg area (DE VOS, 1983; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). lt also occurs at lower elevations and is found around Grootvlei, west of Kamieskroon (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). MANNING & GOLDBLATT (2001) places this species in the subgenus Romulea. 2.2.5 Romulea cruciata Flowers are magenta-pink to lilac-pink in colour. There are dark blotches around a dark or golden yellow to orange cup (DE VOS, 1983; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 1996; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). The flower is unscented with elliptic to oblanceolate tepals. The fruiting peduncles remain erect or spread slightly. The bracts are greenish or purplish red with the outer bracts having narrow inconspicuous membranous margins and the inner bracts submembranous which are commonly brown-flecked (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). Its flowering period is between July and September during which a plant may have 2 to 4 flowers (DE VOS, 1972; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). These plants are 150 to 400 mm in height with a totally subterranean stem (DE VOS, 1972; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). The plant has 2 to 8 filiform leaves which are all basal (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). R. cruciata is most common in the south western Cape from Nieuwoudtville to Riversdale (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 1996; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). Its distribution spreads from the Bokkeveld Mountains of the Northern Cape Province in the north to the Gourits river in the Western Cape Province in the east where it is 15
Literature review often found on clay or granitic soils in renosterveld (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). On the 7 th of September 2006 R. cruciata was observed in renosterveld outside Malmesbury by a group from Naturetrek (PONTING, 2006). MANNING & GOLDBLATT (2001) place this species in the subgenus Spatalanthus. 2.2.6 Romulea diversiformis The flowers are buttercup-yellow and unscented (DE VOS, 1983; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 1997; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). Tepals are obovate with the inner tepals broader than the outer tepals (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 1997; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). The fruiting peduncles are bent (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). Bracts are green to greenish (DE VOS, 1983). The outer bracts have narrow white membranous margins and apices while the inner bracts have wider membranous margins. R. diversiformis flowers (1 or more flower per plant) from August to September (DE VOS, 1972; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 1997). These plants are 80 to 200 mm in height and are classed as stemless geophytes. It has 6 to 10 filiform leaves which are all basal (DE VOS, 1983; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). The plants occur in moist or waterlogged dolerite and clay in the Western Karoo and Roggeveld of South Africa (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 1997; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). MANNING & GOLDBLATT (2001) place this species in the subgenus Spatalanthus. 2.2.7 Romulea flava Flowers are white or yellow and rarely flowers are also blue, blue-violet or pinkish (DE VOS, 1983; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 1996; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). The flowers have a yellow cup (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 1996; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). The white flowers of R. flava are usually scented (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). The tepals are oblanceolate and the outer tepals are uniformly green on the abaxial side. The fruiting peduncles are recurved and later erect (MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). Outer bracts have narrow or inconspicuous membranous margins while inner bracts are submembranous or membranous and are often brown streaked (DE VOS, 1983; MANNING & GOLDBLATT, 2001). These plants flower from June to September and each plant generally has 1 to 4 flowers 16
Page 1 and 2: Propagation of Romulea species Pier
Page 3 and 4: Contents 2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY
Page 5 and 6: Contents 5.3.1 Explants from seedli
Page 7 and 8: Abstract The suitability of various
Page 9 and 10: Declarations I Pierre André Swart,
Page 11 and 12: Declarations DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTIO
Page 13 and 14: Publications from this thesis ASCOU
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 2.13: Suther
Page 17 and 18: was significantly different from th
Page 19 and 20: List of Tables Table 2.1: Names of
Page 21 and 22: List of Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dic
Page 23 and 24: Die vlakhaas spits sy oor hy het di
Page 25 and 26: As die mens dan ook so sy dankbaarh
Page 27 and 28: Introduction where a great number o
Page 29 and 30: Introduction The subgenera Romulea
Page 31 and 32: 2 Literature review Leef van daad e
Page 33 and 34: Literature review Figure 2.2: Life
Page 35 and 36: Literature review Figure 2.4: Life
Page 37 and 38: Literature review The plants are sh
Page 39: Literature review flowers (DE VOS,
Page 43 and 44: Literature review flowers of R. lei
Page 45 and 46: Literature review flattened upper s
Page 47 and 48: 2.2.16 Romulea tabularis Literature
Page 49 and 50: Literature review extinct, R. papyr
Page 51 and 52: Literature review R. leipoldtii occ
Page 53 and 54: Literature review Figure 2.8: Calvi
Page 55 and 56: Literature review Figure 2.14: Fras
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2.20: Nieuwoudtville weather
Page 59 and 60: Literature review Figure 2.26: Grah
Page 61 and 62: Literature review Figure 2.29: Diag
Page 63 and 64: Literature review Figure 2.30: A te
Page 65 and 66: Literature review Macronutrients ca
Page 67 and 68: Literature review The soils of the
Page 69 and 70: Literature review The embryo is the
Page 71 and 72: Literature review Phase 2 is seen a
Page 73 and 74: Literature review endogenous gibber
Page 75 and 76: Literature review tolerable level (
Page 77 and 78: Literature review these channels pe
Page 79 and 80: Literature review 2.8.7 Seed dorman
Page 81 and 82: Literature review the embryo (COPEL
Page 83 and 84: Literature review germinated under
Page 85 and 86: Literature review (COPELAND, 1976).
Page 87 and 88: 2.9 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTUR
Page 89 and 90: Literature review (DEBERGH, 1994).
Page 91 and 92:
Literature review PIERIK (1997) sta
Page 93 and 94:
Literature review The distinguishin
Page 95 and 96:
Literature review The essential fun
Page 97 and 98:
2.9.3.4 Abscisic acid Literature re
Page 99 and 100:
Table 2.6: Example of a matrix to e
Page 101 and 102:
Literature review Young embryos req
Page 103 and 104:
Literature review and the addition
Page 105 and 106:
Literature review organ is then pro
Page 107 and 108:
Literature review environmental str
Page 109 and 110:
2.11 IN VITRO FLOWERING Literature
Page 111 and 112:
Literature review higher regenerati
Page 113 and 114:
Subfamily Ixioideae (continued) Tri
Page 115 and 116:
Literature review Table 2.8: Corm i
Page 117 and 118:
3 Investigation into the habitat of
Page 119 and 120:
Soil sampling and analysis The firs
Page 121 and 122:
Soil sampling and analysis Table 3.
Page 123 and 124:
4 Germination physiology 4.1 INTROD
Page 125 and 126:
4.2.2 Water content and imbibition
Page 127 and 128:
Germination physiology (-N), phosph
Page 129 and 130:
Germination physiology rosea seeds
Page 131 and 132:
Germination physiology Figure 4.4:
Page 133 and 134:
Germination (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 77
Page 135 and 136:
Germination (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 c
Page 137 and 138:
Germination physiology The relative
Page 139 and 140:
Germination physiology seeds of R.
Page 141 and 142:
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro
Page 143 and 144:
In vitro culture initiation and mul
Page 145 and 146:
5.2.3 Explant comparison In vitro c
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
5.4 DISCUSSION In vitro culture ini
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
6 In vitro corm formation and flowe
Page 165 and 166:
In vitro corm formation and floweri
Page 167 and 168:
6.3 RESULTS 6.3.1 Corm formation In
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 179 and 180:
Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 181 and 182:
BASKIN, C. C., and BASKIN, J. M. (1
Page 183 and 184:
Literature cited DOWLING, P. M., CL
Page 185 and 186:
Literature cited HILTON-TAYLOR, C.
Page 187 and 188:
Literature cited KUMAR, A., SOOD, A
Page 189 and 190:
Literature cited PIERIK, R. L. M. (
Page 191 and 192:
Literature cited STEINITZ, B., COHE
show all

View/Open - ResearchSpace - University of KwaZulu-Natal

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?