View/Open - ResearchSpace - University of KwaZulu-Natal

Contents
2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY 43
2.7.1 Seed structure 43
2.7.2 Seed germination 45
2.7.3 Measuring germination 47
2.7.4 Promotion and inhibition of germination 48
2.7.5 Phytochromes and light quality 53
2.7.6 Scarification 53
2.7.7 Seed dormancy and the influence of temperature and
stratification 54
2.7.8 Seed longevity and viability 57
2.7.9 After-ripening 59
2.7.10 Embryo-excision as a tool for investigating mechanisms
behind dormancy and testing viability 60
2.7.11 Germination, dormancy and germination ecology in
Iridaceae 61
2.7.12 Embryo and seedling morphology of Iridaceae 61
2.8 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTURE 62
2.8.1 Explant selection 64
2.8.2 Explant preparation 65
2.8.3 Medium composition 67
2.8.4 Liquid culture 75
2.8.5 Embryo-excision 75
2.8.6 Callus culture 77
2.8.7 Organogenesis 79
2.8.8 Somatic embryogenesis 80
2.8.9 Hardening 81
2.8.10 Applications of in vitro culture 83
2.9 CORM PHYSIOLOGY 83
2.10 IN VITRO FLOWERING 84
2.11 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF GEOPHYTES 85
2.12 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF BULBOUS PLANTS 86
2.13 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF IRIDACEOUS SPECIES 86
ii