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In vitro culture initiation and multiplication Figure 5.4: Effect of kinetin concentration on shoot production of Romulea minutiflora embryos after 2 months. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. Figure 5.5: Effect of kinetin concentration on shoot production of Romulea monadelpha embryos after 2 months. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. 125
In vitro culture initiation and multiplication No embryos of R. camerooniana or R. rosea showed any in vitro response. Embryos were completely dehydrated after 2 months. Because of the larger amount of replicates used for the vulnerable and attractive R. sabulosa it was possible to examine the specific in vitro response of embryos to different plant growth regulator combinations with some statistical confidence (Table 5.1). The specific in vitro response for each treatment is therefore described in more detail for R. sabulosa than for other species. As with embryos of other species of R. sabulosa, some cultures showed only swelling (Table 5.1). A significantly higher percentage of cultures showed swelling on the control medium than for other treatments and roots were also produced on this medium. Shoot initiation was only observed in cultures with kinetin only. Although swelling with shoot initials was produced on all media with kinetin only, this response was significantly higher for the 2.3 M kinetin treatment compared to the control and all other treatments. Shoot and root formation was observed at the two lower kinetin concentrations. Shoot clusters were observed for the two higher kinetin concentrations. Significantly more shoot clusters were produced on a medium supplemented with 23.2 M kinetin compared to all other treatments, as 36% of the embryos that showed a growth response on this media produced shoot clusters. When the data was pooled it also showed that a medium supplemented with 23.2 M kinetin was best for shoot initiation. Among the embryos placed on media supplemented with 23.2 M kinetin that showed a growth response, 89% showed a shoot initiation response. Callus with shoot cluster initials was observed for embryos placed on media supplemented with 23.2 M kinetin. As with other species in Romulea, the shoots developed from these initials were however highly vitrified and did not develop roots when placed on a medium with no plant growth regulators. Cultures placed on five of the media treatments containing both kinetin and 2,4-D produced small (
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Propagation of Romulea species Pier
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Contents 2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY
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Contents 5.3.1 Explants from seedli
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Abstract The suitability of various
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Declarations I Pierre André Swart,
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Declarations DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTIO
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Publications from this thesis ASCOU
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List of Figures Figure 2.13: Suther
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was significantly different from th
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Names of
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List of Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dic
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Die vlakhaas spits sy oor hy het di
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As die mens dan ook so sy dankbaarh
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Introduction where a great number o
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Introduction The subgenera Romulea
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2 Literature review Leef van daad e
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Literature review Figure 2.2: Life
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Literature review Figure 2.4: Life
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Literature review The plants are sh
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Literature review flowers (DE VOS,
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Literature review often found on cl
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Literature review flowers of R. lei
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Literature review flattened upper s
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2.2.16 Romulea tabularis Literature
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Literature review extinct, R. papyr
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Literature review R. leipoldtii occ
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Literature review Figure 2.8: Calvi
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Literature review Figure 2.14: Fras
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Figure 2.20: Nieuwoudtville weather
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Literature review Figure 2.26: Grah
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Literature review Figure 2.29: Diag
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Literature review Figure 2.30: A te
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Literature review Macronutrients ca
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Literature review The soils of the
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Literature review The embryo is the
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Literature review Phase 2 is seen a
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Literature review endogenous gibber
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Literature review tolerable level (
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Literature review these channels pe
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Literature review 2.8.7 Seed dorman
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Literature review the embryo (COPEL
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Literature review germinated under
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Literature review (COPELAND, 1976).
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2.9 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTUR
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Literature review (DEBERGH, 1994).
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Literature review PIERIK (1997) sta
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Literature review The distinguishin
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Literature review The essential fun
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2.9.3.4 Abscisic acid Literature re
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Page 101 and 102: Literature review Young embryos req
Page 103 and 104: Literature review and the addition
Page 105 and 106: Literature review organ is then pro
Page 107 and 108: Literature review environmental str
Page 109 and 110: 2.11 IN VITRO FLOWERING Literature
Page 111 and 112: Literature review higher regenerati
Page 113 and 114: Subfamily Ixioideae (continued) Tri
Page 115 and 116: Literature review Table 2.8: Corm i
Page 117 and 118: 3 Investigation into the habitat of
Page 119 and 120: Soil sampling and analysis The firs
Page 121 and 122: Soil sampling and analysis Table 3.
Page 123 and 124: 4 Germination physiology 4.1 INTROD
Page 125 and 126: 4.2.2 Water content and imbibition
Page 127 and 128: Germination physiology (-N), phosph
Page 129 and 130: Germination physiology rosea seeds
Page 131 and 132: Germination physiology Figure 4.4:
Page 133 and 134: Germination (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 77
Page 135 and 136: Germination (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 c
Page 137 and 138: Germination physiology The relative
Page 139 and 140: Germination physiology seeds of R.
Page 141 and 142: 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro
Page 143 and 144: In vitro culture initiation and mul
Page 145 and 146: 5.2.3 Explant comparison In vitro c
Page 149: In vitro culture initiation and mul
Page 159 and 160: 5.4 DISCUSSION In vitro culture ini
Page 163 and 164: 6 In vitro corm formation and flowe
Page 165 and 166: In vitro corm formation and floweri
Page 167 and 168: 6.3 RESULTS 6.3.1 Corm formation In
Page 177 and 178: Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 179 and 180: Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 181 and 182: BASKIN, C. C., and BASKIN, J. M. (1
Page 183 and 184: Literature cited DOWLING, P. M., CL
Page 185 and 186: Literature cited HILTON-TAYLOR, C.
Page 187 and 188: Literature cited KUMAR, A., SOOD, A
Page 189 and 190: Literature cited PIERIK, R. L. M. (
Page 191 and 192: Literature cited STEINITZ, B., COHE
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