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13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rainfall relationships were plotted). that hydrological zones Zl - Z3; Z6 - Z8 and Z13 had to be subdivided, sometimes into a number of sub-zones, for example. 8a, Bb and 8c. Accordingly. zones of similar hydrological response in NatallKwaZulu were re organized into 21 ACRU {Agricultural Catchments Research Unit} runoff regions. It should be noted that region 01 designates the area in north eastern Natal/KwaZulu stretching from St Lucia to Kosi Bay and inland. where no runoff records for simulation are available, effectively resulting in 20 runoff regions rather than 21. For each of the ACRU regions. mean annual runoff {MAR} versus mean annual precipitation (MAP) was plotted for all quaternary sub-eatchments in a specific runoff region. The resultant runoff equations in terms of rainfall and other relevant data for the 20 ACRU runoff regions are presented in Table J11. Where apparent errors were found in the HRU quaternary catchments data (38% of cases), subsequently corrected by Midgley, Pitman and Middleton (1983)*. runoff: rainfall plots had to be constructed by Schulze, from the simulated runoff and rainfall data provided by the Hydrological Research Unit. Several runoff maps. brieflY discussed later in the chapter. can be found in Schulze (1984). Table J6: Mean annual runoff and other data for secondary drainage regions in NatallKwaZulu. Secondary Area of region Mean annual Mean annual Percentage of drainage (km 2 ) precipitation runoff total annual region (mm) (10 6 m 3 ) South African runoff W Wl0 5639 1030 969 1,81 W20 10061 849 885 1,65 W30 9574 792 395 0,74 W40 11 785 828 1 253 2,34 W70 2638 648 100 0,19 Summation 39697 - 3602 6,73 V Vl0 7600 984 1 795 3,35 V20 2880 892 522 0,97 V30 9792 848 1290 2,41 * See Midgley, D.C., Pitman, W.V. and Middleton, B.J., 1983. An addendum to "Surface Water Resources of South Africa" (l98t), Water Research Commission, Pretoria, various pages.
14 Table J6: Mean annual runoff and other data for secondary drainage regions in Natal/KwaZulu (continued). Secondary Area of region Mean annual Mean annual Percentage of drainage (km 2 ) precipitation runoff total annual region (mm) (10 6 m 3 ) South African runoff V40 1750 890 191 0,36 V50 1349 1027 149 0,28 V60 3675 773 309 0,58 V70 1920 925 333 0,62 Summation 28966 894 4589 8,57 U Ul0 4371 982 1036 1,94 U20 4425 945 683 1,28 U30 1 301 1085 271 0,51 U40 2747 1035 483 0,90 U50 294 1 100 55 0,10 U60 1 517 926 190 0,35 U70 1 104 952 140 0,26 U80 2508 937 316 0,59 Summation 18267 979 3174 5,93 T T30 19781 902 2968 5,55 T40 2201 985 460 0,86 T50 6675 748 1472 2,75 T60 3741 1 092 1040 1,94 Summation 32398 - 5940 11,10 Total 119328 - - 32,33 Source: After Anonymous, 1986. Management of the Water Resources of the Republic of South Africa. Department of Water Affairs, Pretoria, various pages. Note: (i) Data may include portions of adjacent territory outside Natal/KwaZulu. Secondary drainage regions W50 and W60 are not in Natal/KwaZulu, while much of secondary drainage regions T30 and T60 is in the Transkei.
Page 1: A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
Page 4 and 5: Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
Page 7 and 8: lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
Page 9 and 10: 11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
Page 11 and 12: Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
Page 13 and 14: Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
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Page 54 and 55: 51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
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Page 60 and 61: 57 large catchments data. The Centr
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Page 64 and 65: Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
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63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
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65 Table J24: Department of Water A
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79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
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81 Station closed Station closed U2
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83 Station Drainage region Station
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85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
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87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
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89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
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111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
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Table J28: Some relevant data on se
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IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
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100 the respective departments at P
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1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
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104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
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Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
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1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
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110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
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114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
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116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
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IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
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1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
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111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
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Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
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Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
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11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
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tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
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Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
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Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
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174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
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176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
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179 a particular site, then a stati
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181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
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183 good. with a total dissolved so
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(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
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187 Table K1: Some geological forma
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189 fault-bounded blocks, although
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191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
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193 coarse and the latter, fine and
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195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
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11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
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201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
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203 boreholes are drilled for both
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205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
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207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
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(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
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Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
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214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
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JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
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i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
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222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
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1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
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226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
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228 also obtainable from the Ground
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Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
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232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
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234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
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Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
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NOTES: 238
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239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
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12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
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243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
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Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
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Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
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249 111111:llllltJI Source: After A
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1111111118.1 252 Table L4: Some per
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lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
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* 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
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1111...11 (iii) 258 Home Glasson Pa
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260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
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* ** 262 are in agreement with cons
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Table L7: Some South African indust
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Table L7: 267 Some South African In
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Table L7: 269 Some South African in
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Table L7: 271 Some South African In
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Note: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
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276 concentrate on the provision of
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278 Table L8: RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Table L9: 281 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
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IIIRlmlllillS 12.4.2 Durban Metro W
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291 design phase of projects. Any a
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294 Table L12: Some extant water wh
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11111111111911 296 • Energy Resea
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299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
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301 Table L13: Specific training ag
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304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
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307 Table L14: A spatial typology o
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310 Table L15: A typology of social
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1111111..11 312 Table L15: A typolo
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315 114,[llll1\'1 Table L16: Some s
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317 Table L18: Mean household size
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319 Illil;JJtllllll Table L19: Exis
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321 Table L19: Existing housing del
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323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
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NOTES: 325
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