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I 263
•
Illll_IIB'11
Supply source Minimum Mean Maximum
and consumer
Perennial springs - 23 50
(households)
Tube wells with . 10 23
bucket pumps
lhouseholds)
Boreholes with 48 66 127
handpumps
(households) *
Public standpipes - . 300
(individuals) (estimated)
Kiosks 10 171 372
(households)
••
••*
(v) In terms of drinking water consumption in South Africa, Bourne,
Bourne, Watermeyer and Klopper (19871 H in a study of Cape
Town residents, found a mean total daily per capita water intake (tap
water and water in commercial beverages as well as water bound in
liquid and solid food), of 2,19 t for whites and 1,26 t for Coloureds;
or 1,77 t on an overall basis (Bourne, Bourne and Hattingh,
1989)·**. Consumption was higher in summer than during
winter. The ratio of tap water consumed at home to total liquid
consumed was approximately 0,5. Alcock (1986 - above) in the
survey of the Inadi Ward, KwaZulu, determined a weighted per
capita drinking water consumption - excluding bottled beverages and
liquor, milk and traditional liquor· averaging 2,3 t day·', or some
15% of the water used at the household. It has been accepted for
design purposes that a 70 kg man will consume 2 t of water day·',
See Daphne, P., 1985. A study of the impact of donated boreholes in the Mpukunyoni area of
NatallKwaZulu, Publication Series ENo. 2, Centre for Social Research and Documentation, University
of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 14 p. {It should be noted that Alcock (1989 - abovel calculated a
dependency ratio of some 60 - 100 households per borehole fitted with a handpump, based on a time
analysis in the Ximba Ward, near Nagle Dam. The variability depends on the proportion of daily
household water requirements drawn from the given borehole. If potable needs only are satisfied,
then a borehole can supply considerably more households on a daily basis - assuming a 12 hour
withdrawal period. The Kwazulu Department of Agriculture and Forestry uses a dependency ratio
of 100 households per borehole. See also, Hatting[hl, P.S., 1972. Water supply in Bantu homelands,
Journal of Racial Affairs, VOl 23(2), p. 78 - 90).
See Boume, LT., Bourne, D.E., Watermeyer, 6.S. and Klopper, J.M.L, 1987. A liquid consumption
survey of individuals in Greater Cape Town, WRC Report No. 74/2/87, Water Research Commission,
Pretoria, 162 p.
See Boume, LT.. Boume, D.E. and Hattingh, W.H.J., 1989. Boiled and unboiled tap water intake of
Cape Town residents, Water SA, VOl 15(41, p. 227 - 230.